| China's foreign trade, trade scale and trade structure has been developing rapidly since reform and opening up. However, at the same time it is also facing many issues such as overgrowth in foreign trade, old extensive growth mode, labor price advantage in export competitiveness, asymmetric trade interest and trade scale, weak core competition in enterprise and product, low anti-risk ability in market and low comprehensive profit and quality growth.Industrial structure has been influenced by demand factors, supply factors, depth and breadth taking part in international division, industries policy-oriented and other factors. Trade structure is subject to a difference between technology and factor endowments, scale economies, marketing ability and external scale economies, trade policy, the flow of FDI, international market demand and other factors. The industrial structure has a decisive role in trade structure. In an open economy, the industrial structure is the basis of trade structure, trade structure affects industrial structure.Optimized industrial structure affects China's merchandise trade structure, including reduction in the proportion of primary products, domination of industry manufactured exports, labor-intensive products becoming export-oriented products, mechanical and electrical products exporting increasing. Optimized industrial structure affects China's service trade structure, including improving service trade market access condition, expanding domestic services market and opening up the scope and extent so as to promote the development of services trade , introducing the international practice and advanced marketing techniques and management methods through the development of Foreign service trade, breaking through the traditional mode of operation and business filed, cultivating a new service industry, raising the level of development of the domestic service industry, narrowing gap between with the developed countries, producing a number of service personnel laid a foundation for the development of China's service industry, participating in worldwide economic resource allocation and reorganization actively , improving the domestic investment environment, expanding foreign economic and trade exchanges and communication. At the same time, China's service trade has effectively promoted the export of merchandise. In terms of technology import, it makes some large contribution to the national economy. The important way to develop China's foreign trade is to improve the technology content of exports and value-added and also develop exports of services, promote the upgrading of the structure of services trade through the optimization of industrial structure.From the point of view of industrial structure subject to technology trade structure, China has a rich multi-level technical resources which adapt to foreign firms' required for different levels of technology. Meanwhile, Chinese technology export has comparative advantage of low prices, which allows adjusting the industrial structure and technical trade structure has been optimizing and upgrading.Obtained economic benefits from trade structure is the core of optimized trade structure .Trade structure adjustments can receive economic benefits in short term. However, in long term, trade structure is decided by the industrial structure. Therefore, it is necessary to make adjustment largely for long-term economic benefits by nurturing the region's competitive advantages and industrial advantages, promoting the industrial structure optimization and implementing optimized trade structure fundamentally.The root of optimizing industrial structure is to cultivate competitive advantages and industrial advantages for upgrading industrial structure. Specific measures include multi-level and extra focus on developing and international competitive industries, under the premise of labor force comparative advantage, making the labor advantage with a combination of domestic and foreign capital or with the same high-tech manufacturing techniques, that is, we should actively develop heavy industry and high-tech industries in the manufacturing sector. Strengthening advanced factor endowment investment and guiding foreign investment to high-tech and high value-added products, increasing inputs on education, especially on vocational and technical education , improving overall the labor force quality ,attracting high-level talent by preferential policies and treatment , especially cross-border type of business talent. Strengthening international Internet's infrastructure construction in communication network particular in foreign trade enterprises, making the technological advantages combination with industry and product development, enhancing the achievement of scientific research transforming into the production, improve the technical research and development capability. Playing the role of government's macro-control actively to deepen the enterprise reform, strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises. Government should adjust the economy flexibly in accordance with the economic development, protect infant industries through policy differences in the tilt of the development of industry, promote joint enterprises and build group advantages through demand-driven and guide to develop competitive industries.Optimized the trade structure is corresponding to the adjustment of industrial structure. In order to adapt changes trends in the structure of the world economy and international trade merchandise structure, to expand Chinese goods share in the international market, it is necessary to make the majority of manufactured goods in production occupy important process of production, occupy the aspect of international marketing in the part of the international manufactured trade, speed up the upgrading of foreign trade structure, enhance the scientific and technological content and added value for strengthening the international competitiveness of foreign trade; increase investment in science and technology, accelerate "Technology trade" plan, cultivate comparative advantage of Chinese industry, occupy more advantageous position in the international division of labor and international trade for optimizing the trade structure and achieving historic leap of China's trade from big to strong;open up related industries markets moderately for scale economy benefits, focus on the new types production of resources while not because of over-protection so as to hamper the process of technology spillover, reduce costs through scale economies export for trade benefits so as to upgrade the industrial structure effectively; carry out sustainable development and green trade, research related relationship between economic policies and environmental policy carefully, enhance environmental awareness in enterprise and the whole society; take the geographical advantage to develop the international diversification market, maintain the existing foundation on the international market as soon as possible "going out" to take part in international economy and face to global market, open up and develop major channel of international trade, at the same time, participate in and set up various form of regional trade organizations, totally play such organizations'trade creation effect, improve China's share of world trade in order to finally achieve trade structure's optimization. |
PDF Full Text Request