Research On The Development Of Dark Tourism In China

With the economic development and social progress, the quality of people's life gradually improve, tourism increasingly become an important part of daily life, the types of tourism present diversification, tourists'tendency for personality and experience becomes obviously, the "special tourism" projects with different features (such as calligraphy, tourism, film tourism, arts tourism, religious tourism, sports tourism, music tourism, etc.) rapidly growing for niche markets, be welcomed by tourists. At the same time, people do not be satisfied by tourist experience pleasure in conventional tourism, but also in search of new tourist experience, in favor of the special tourism - "alternative tourism" to achieve self-challenge, the pursuit of tragic experience , which is quite different from the conventional tourism.The"dark tourism"which was studied by some Western scholars (mainly in the United States) since the sixties and seventies the nineteenth century, is one of the typical forms of the"alternative tourism". Because of the difference in values and the level of tourism development, the"dark tourism"was first concerned in Europe and the United States, in the academic field, many scholars researched the dark tourism in tourists'motivation, tourism demand and supply, tourism impacts and so on. At the same time, the dark tourism has been popular for tourists, such as, the German concentration camp Auschwitz with the purpose of"want peace, not war"in order to alert the world , attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists to visit every year.Combined with previous studies, this paper consider that dark tourism takes war, death, disasters and other tragic case or places for subject attraction to design tourism products to inspire and attract travelers to explore an alternative tourist experience, which aims to bring tourists with the alerts and the spirit of awakening awareness. The development and the evolution of the dark tourism can enrich the types of the tourism products, can full play the educational function of the negative factors in the history through providing alternative tourist experience .In contrast with the rich dark tourism resources and case in China, the academic research and tourism practice of dark tourism have not been concerned corresponding. China has a very large number of natural disaster sites and man-made disaster sites (such as the battlefield sites, the Revolutionary Museum, prisons and so on), which possess educational and tourism values, although most of them have been as a tourist attraction in the manual, the value of its tourism and education goes far not been realized. In the tourism demand part , the tendency for personalized travel experience has been nurturing the pursuit of"dark tourism"groups, but as opposed to the dark tourism developed market level, the need of tourists can not be fully satisfied. Thus, the research of dark tourism in China has a larger theoretical and practical significance.The research methods of this article mainly includes the literature analysis, multi-disciplinary integration, the combination of inductive and deductive, the combination of theoretical and empirical research, through which trying to construct the basic theory system of dark tourism. Firstly, this article analyses the related theoretical foundation of the dark tourism (the concept , tourist motivation, characteristics, classification of resources, etc.) to build a systematic framework to deepen people's understanding of dark tourism; Secondly, integrating with China's national conditions, this article analyses the dark tourism resources and tourism development in China, discusses the problems of the dark tourism development in China, and thus put forward the overall countermeasure to the development of the dark tourism in China; Thirdly, from the view of profit and non-profit point, in light of the new public management Theory and the Area Governance Theory ,this article analyses specific tourism development models related to different dark tourism resources, which definitely lead to further academic attention on the dark tourism and promote the tourism industry to develop a series of products designed to better Satisfy the needs of the tourism market. Finally, this article takes Kitagawa seismic Museum which in little dispute currently as an example, combining theoretical system has been built , analyses the construction of the mechanism in its tourism development from the perspective of the new public administration.