Well-being Produced Jiaogulan Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (thunb.) Makino Flavonoid Research

The plant Gynostemma Pentophyllum(Thunb.)Makino is a kind of Perennial herb liane, which belongs to Cucurbitaceae . Except gypenosides flavonodids are the major medicinal components that are extracted form the leaf, stem, rhizome and root of this herb.Gynostemma Pentophyllum(Thunb.)Makino is chosen as materials in this study. We determine the total flavonoids of different kinds of Gynostemma planted in Ankang. Study the effects of salicylic acid which appended to the culture medium on the total flavonoids content, activity of some enzymes which elated to plant secondary metabolites. Study the distribution of Gynostemma flavonoids in vivo. The main results could be concluded as following:1. Determine the total flavonoids of different kinds of Gynostemma planted in Ankang, the results displayed that kinds, growth periods, and organs have significant impact on the total flavonoids. Those influence factors have interaction, which can tutor us to choose the kinds, harvest time, harvest organs. Through analyse results, we find that Ankang Gynostemma three is a good planting Gynostemma. If we harcest it in August, can have the highest total flavonoids content. Those five kinds of Gynostemma all have higher total flavonoids content in July and Auguest than in September, which maybe because that July and Auguest is the flowering stage of Gynostemma. In this stage plant secondary metabolites is enhance, so the total flavonoids content is high. The total flavonoids content is higher in lesf than in stem.2. Append different concentration salicylic acid to MS culture medium, except dealing with 200umol/L SA, can enhance the activity of PAL, SOD and POD in culture Gynostemma. The activity of PAL,SOD and POD increased with the culture time. And after achieved the highest, they all become decrease. These may be due to the presence of exogenous SA under Gynostemma made adaptive adjustments. The enhancing of those enzymes'activitis indicate that deal the culture Gynostemma with SA can significantly increase enzymatic antioxidant defense system capacity; maintain the balance of active oxygen metabolism. The activity of CAT was that treatment groups lower than the control group. The activity of CAT also increased with the culture time. This maybe related to the SA signal transduction pathway in the plant.3. Append different concentration salicylic acid to MS culture medium, SA can enhance the total flavonoids content in culture Gynostemma. Along with the higher of the concentration of SA, the total flavonoids contents in culture Gynostemma are higher too. Append 150umol/L SA can significantly increase the total flavonoids contents in culture Gynostemma. After deal with different concentration SA, the total flavonoids content has positive relativity with the activity of PAL,SOD and POD. And has negative relativity with the activity of CAT. Those maybe indicate that after deal with SA, series of enzymes genes are induced to dxpress, and soon the plant secondary metabolites are enhanced, the total flavonoids contents are increased.4. Histochemistry test in the vegetative organs showed that flavonoids of Gynostemma are mainly distributed in the leaf epidermis, mesophyll cells, phloem of the vascular bundle, leaves and glandular hairs, the stem epidermal, collenchyma, assimilating tissue of stem, phloem of the vascular bundle as well as some thin-walled cells. The fluorescence intensity of flavonoids and dye reaction issue can indicate the content of flavonoids in different bodies. The fluorescence is strongest in mesophylls, which indicate that the leaf may be the main bodies of Gynostemma flavonoids accumulation. The stem collenchyma, assimilating tissue, and the phloem of the vascular bundles are also the site of accumulation. So we can see that the flavonoids contents of Gynostemma in the leaves should be higher than in the stem. This is consistent with the result of determination of the total flavonoids in different kinds of Gynostemma above.5. Treat the Gynostemma leaves with Shushi ye and lixiye, obtain upper and lower epidermis, observed and photography by fluorescence microscopy, it is clear to see that the contours of Gynostemma epidermal cells, the structure of stomatal, and the structure of glandular hairs. Also we can gain better-quality photos of those stucture. Therefore, this method can be applied to plant leaves epidermal structure research.