Saponins In Gynostemma

The plant Gynostemma Pentaphyllum(Thunb.)Makino is a kind of Perennial herb liane, which belongs to Cucurbitaceae. Gypenosides are the major medicinal components, and there is a long history that people have used the entire grass as medicines in China.We observe the foliar epidermal structure of Gynostemma Pentophyllum, establish the determination method of Gypenoside A by HPLC-ELSD, determine the total Gypenosides and Gypenoside A of different kinds of Gynostemma Pentophyllum planted in Ankang, and different places of 8 provinces of China. The relationship between the structure of epidermis, content of Gypenosides and the environment is also discussed in this paper.1. We study the foliar structure of Gynostemma Pentophyllum from different places by SEM. There's one layer epidermal cell, atactic and has the cuticle, of upper and lower epidermis, which has hairy body and glandular hair. The infinitive stomatal apparatus disperses scatterd. The stomatal apparatus length and breadth ratio is 1.46～3.08, SI is 19～32, and the density is 96～429/mm2.2. We determine the Gypenoside A of Gynostemma Pentophyllum by HPLC-ELSD, and contrast the method with HPLC-UV. The sample solution preparation, the selection of reference matter, the optimization of Chromatograpy factors, atomizationg temperature, and nitrogen barometric pressure are studied. The HPLC-ELSD is suitable, simple and reliable. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic extraction process for Gypenoside A and total Gypenosides are selected by orthogonal experiment respectively. The extraction solvent and amount have remarkable influence on the total Gypenosides extraction, while the concentration of extraction solvent has noticeable impact on Gypenoside A extraction.3. We determine the total Gypenosides of different kinds of Gynostemma Pentophyllum planted in Ankang, the results displayed that kinds, growth periods, and organs have significant impact on the total Gypenosides. Those influence factors have interaction, which can tutor us to choose the kinds, harvest time, harvest organs. The leaf contents the most of total Gypenosides and Gypenoside A, root, stem, fruit and seed follows. The total Gypenosides and Gypenoside A have the same accumulation tendency with the change of different growing periods.4. We study 51 samples of Gynostemma Pentophyllum harvested from different provinces. There's no relevance of the contents of total Gypenosides and Gypenoside A, which indicates that the composition of total Gypenosides is variable between each sample. The cultivation strains content higher total Gypenosides than the wild samples, with the PL.1 and the PL.2 of Shaanxi are the highest. The Gynostemma Pentophyllum from Hubei and Shaanxi content more total Gypenosides, and we should continue to enlarge the protection of wild resources and ecological environment, also, we could encourage the domestication and enhance the potential development.5. There are remarkable differences in the foliar surface structure, growth situation and the Gypenosides contents of Gynostemma Pentophyllum under both of nature and cultivation conditions, manifest that Gynostemma Pentophyllum has rich heredity multiplicity, and it's the important foundation of its propagation. The environment has an obvious influence on the leaf form and secondary metabolites, so we attempt to acquaint the relations of the three, but no explicit relation is found, possibly because the inspection factor are few. We could survey as many as the multi-environment factor, light, temperature, water, gas, nutrition and so on, and discuss its mechanism in future study.