Dynamic Analysis Of The Total Saponin Content Of Shaanxi Five New Department Of Jiaogulan Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (thunb.) Makino,]

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, belonging to the family of Cucurbitaceae, is a kind of Chinese traditional medicinal herb. Its habit is a perennial liane. All of it can be made into medicine. It can clear heat and expell miasma, dispell phlegm, arrest cough, strengthen health, activate cell, tranquilize, assuage pain, reduce blood fat, enhance immunizing ability etc. Now it has been used in medicine, food, drink and cosmetic industries broadly. It has a wide market prospect.Our country is the distribution and differentiation center of the Gynostemma, and has abundant resource. But in recent decades, as people keep their wildlife resources of the predatory development, to the current status of resources is worrying. So far, although the GAP of Gynostemma has been established, the SOP has been instituted and several new cultivars have been developed, the new cultivars still face the growing adaptability problem in different regions. The output of Gynostemma is still not in demand now. Five popular studied new Gynostemma species-301, 40201, 403, 404, 405 and the most widely cultivated of local Gynostemma pentaphyllum (CK) in Pingli, Shaanxi province were used to study saponins dynamic variety in roots, stems and leaves of different Gynostemma species during May to November harvest time. It aimed at choosing the feasible Gynostemma harvest time, offering academic basis for identifying new cultivars and production practice. Moreover, the content of flavones and antioxidant activity of the researched Gynostemma species were studied. Followed are the research conclusions:1 Gypenosides saponins extraction method results showed that: Backflow extraction taking 75% ethanol as solvent was a high-effective, convenient and energy-saved method for extracting total saponin in Gynostemma.2 The content of gypenosides saponins experiments show that different species and varieties, different harvest time, different parts of their gypenosides saponins were different. Overall, roots and leaves of saponins content were higher than that of the stem of saponins. However, because the root is gypenosides to asexual reproduction of its main organ, and the small biomass of root, not conducive to over-exploitation of renewable resources, such as gypenosides reason that the general recommendations are not picked Gynostemma to root as the main raw material. The gypenosides stem saponins in low and small changes, the general Gynostemma leaves of saponins content as an important indicator to determine the best harvest time, when the stems and leaves can be harvested at the same time.(1) The gypenosides saponins contents in all different cultivars leaves are up to more than 9.00% in May and June, so in these two months picking the young leaves to produce products such as Gynostemma tea is suitable.(2) The gypenosides saponins content of 301 cultivar leaves is up to higher than 8.80% during August to October, the maximum content can reach to 12.23% in August. Cultivar 301 leaves can be harvested to make Gynostemma tea during August to October.(3) The gypenosides saponins content of cultivar 40201 leaves is up to higher than 10.00% during July to November. Cultivar 40201 leaves can be harvested during these months to make Gynostemma tea. The higher saponins content lasted for relative long time, and is consistent with the biomass, so 40201 cultivar is the eximious species to produce Gynostemma tea.(4) The gypenosides saponins contents of 403 cultivar leaves reached the maximum 9.88% in August, average 8.35% in a year. It's lower than other species, so we advice to drop 403 cultivar on this aspect.(5) The gypenosides saponins content of cultivar 404 reached the maximum 12.95% in August, and the subsequent months in a year it can be up to higher than 9.24%. Cultivar 404 can be harvested after August. The gypenosides saponins content of cultivar 404 is higher than cultivar 301, so the cultivar 404 is another eximious species to produce Gynostemma tea.(6) The gypenosides saponins content of cultivar 405 is of year average 9.79%, reaching the maximum 14.56% in November when the biomass is the highest. November is the suitable harvest time for cultivar 405. Cultivar 405 can be the optimal species to distill saponins.(7) The gypenosides saponins content of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (CK) is 8.45% average in a year, and the content is no difference in the whole year.3 Analysis of flavones content results: the methanol extracting flavones content of cultivar 301, 40201, 403, 404, 405 and Gynostemma pentaphyllum (CK) is 4.77%, 3.20%, 4.51%, 4.24%, 5.94% and 5.03%, respectively; the ethanol extracting flavones content of different cultivar is 7.89%, 5.74%, 4.77%, 6.52%, 9.78%, 8.09%, respectively. The ethanol extracting flavones is higher than methanol in all cultivars. The flavones content of cultivar 405 is the highest in all cultivars.4 The flavones antioxidant activity of the 6 kinds of Gynostemma were studied by DPPH. The results showed that all the extracts from various species and CK obtained by different solvents could obvious remove free radical, and the concentration of flavones and their ability to remove free radical is of positive correlation, which indicated that it would be a good natural antioxidant. The evaluating criterion of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was regarded as "IC₅₀ ". Cultivars 301, 40201, 403, 404, 405 and CK with methanol extracting had IC₅₀ value of 0.0261, 0.0112, 0.0756, 0.0908, 0.0521, 0.0557 mg / mL, respectively; with ethanol extracting of the IC₅₀ were 0.0732, 0.1104, 0.0793, 0.0793, 0.0436, 0.0910 mg / mL, respectively. The flavones extraction rate and antioxidant activity with different solvents in various species and CK is not relevant.