China's Marine Fishery Resources Utilization And Protection Of Policy Research

With the rapid population growth and socio-economic development, the mining intensity of human exploiting natural is bigger and bigger, the pressure of natural resources is increasing. China marine fishery resource exist in the use of outstanding problems, performance degradation of marine fisheries resources, overfishing, destruction of marine life, fishermen and so on converting the more difficult jobs. The decline of fishery resources not only involves more than 20 million fishermen's livelihood, but also related to the food safety of 1.3 billion people. Utilizing and protecting the marine fishery resources is a necessary requirement in China to build an ecological civilization and harmonious society.In this analysis of China's marine fishery resources utilization and protection policy, marine fishery resources not only has the general attributes of the natural resources, biological resources, economic resources, but also the characteristics of a more public resources which belongs to the crowded nature of quasi-public goods according to the marine fishery resources in the starting resource characteristics. The outstanding performance of marine fishery resources which can caused a recession and over-exploitation in the development is resources sharing, the division available of resource units, negative externalities, uncertainties and so on. We can come to the using and protection of marine fishery resources is fighting against with the poverty, the environment and welfare distribution according to research the policy process of the international marine fishery management history and evolution. No fully awareness of public resource characteristics caused the decline of marine fishery resources. The externalities, information asymmetry and other characteristics of public resources are the foundation of make institutions and policies and the formation of people's moral.Excessive use of public resources is generally considered the performance of market failure, which provides the basis for government centralized management. If the Government's system and policy arrangement is not valid for the using of resources, it will easily cause government failure, even the ecological disaster of using resources. Marine fishery resources as a public resource management system for inspection, government centralized control management system and input can't control fishing intensity, and market-oriented management system and output control requires a higher information costs. From the property rights and transaction costs point of view, different societies choose different institutional arrangements and policy instruments. From a practical point of view, output control measures can achieve better resultsThrough the status quo analysis of China's marine fishery resources utilization and protection,severe overfishing, fishing intensity remains high and significant decline of marine fisheries resources; changes in the marine environment, damaged marine environment; fishermen income increase, and increasing difficulty in converting the jobs and other issues prominent. Using the empirical and comparative research methods, researching China's marine fishery resources utilization and protection policy from the transaction costs, resource recovery effect and fishermen submissiveness, concludes that transaction costs of fishery resources is in the lowest tax and fee system, but the subject and recovery effects is general; the submissiveness of moratorium system and recovery effects is high, but higher transaction costs; the submissiveness of "double turn" policy and recovery effects is general, but also require higher transaction costs; the submissiveness of individual transferable quota system is the highest, but requires a higher information costs.Summing up the above analysis, based on the characteristics of public resources and the reference of marine fishery resources as a public·resource management of institutional arrangements and policy choices, made marine fisheries resources management system based on resource characteristics in the existing legal framework.This system mainly in four areas to achieve the transformation, that is, from the centralized management to decentralized management, from input control-oriented to the equal importance of input and output control, from capture fisheries to a modern industrial structure changes in the fishing industry, from the matter (fish) management to the right people (Transferring fishermen's Job) management changes.