Safety Evaluation Of Arsenic In Panax Notoginseng And Detection Of Azadirachtin Content In Vegetables And Fruits

Notoginseng is a rare traditional Chinese medicine. It's easy to grow high levels of arsenic with long cycle of planting. Wenshan is the main resource of Notoginseng in Yunnan. With international and domestic strict limits on Arsenic in Notoginseng, exports and sales of Notoginseng of Yunnan are facing problems. the health evaluation according to the form of inorganic arsenic in International and domestic. Currently total Arsenic in Notoginseng is considered as inorganic Arsenic to evaluate the toxicity of Panax. the toxicity of arsenic works by its different forms and states, Currently, it is unfair, to a certain extent, to measure the toxicity based on the total amount of Arsenic. Therefore, analyze the forms of Arsenic in Notoginseng is meaningful. Current the reports of arsenic speciation analysis in notoginseng have yet to seen in International and domestic. In this study is to take the form analysis of Arsenic in Notoginseng as the main research tools, to extract by the use of hydrochloric acid soaked with bounce back ion, ion exchanges resins to separate trivalent inorganic arsenic (AsⅢ), pentavalent inorganic arsenic (AsⅤ), A MMA (MMA), dimethyl arsenate (DMA) effectively, and then hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometer will be used to measure all forms of Arsenic respectively. Results go like this, The calibration curve for Arsenic showed good linear correlation within the concentration range of 0.5～40μg/L,The detection limits were As (Ⅲ) 0.16μg/L, MMA 0.12μg/L, DMA0.24μg/L. and the relative standard deviations(RSA) are inorganic arsenic 6.68%, As(Ⅲ)8.01%, As(Ⅴ) 13.42%, MMA13.95%, DMA2.71%. The recoveries of each inorganic arsenic are As (Ⅲ) 90.30～92.24%, As (Ⅴ) 88.27～90.91%, MMA 88.18～90.82%, DMA90.54～101.41%. Based on a large number of experimental data, The results show that four of toxic arsenic account for about 65% of total arsenic in Notoginseng, inorganic arsenic accounted for only 20%.Notoginseng contains trace selenium, selenium is recognized as antagonistic effects of arsenic toxicity, so the effective antagonism to Arsenic toxicity in the Notoginseng were examined. Results Selenium content of about 49.25μg/kg, Based on the results of arsenic speciation analysis and selenium content, to observe toxic differences of four mixture toxic Arsenic and As2O3 by the animal experiment, Whether Selenium can resist the toxic is discussed as well. Acute and sub-acute toxicity tests are conducted.The results showed that As2O3 acute oral LD50= 34.24mg/kg body weight in mice, virus scanning of the class as:"4 ":toxicity. Panax mixed arsenic in total arsenic by the mice by oral LD50=1.00.53mg/kg weight, virus scanning of the rating:"3":moderately toxic. In the same time, Panax Selenium can be effectively antagonized animal's mortality. organ and blood analysis showed that savings of mixed Arsenic is less than the hybrid inorganic Arsenic, Selenium can effectively antagonize the toxicity of Arsenic. Above all, we can have the conclusion that taking Notoginseng is safe.Azadirachtin is considered to be the best plant pesticides of the world with a great prospect for use. China has a large number of neem trees planted, It has been used for many years in foreign countries. and Yunnan Province in China has become the largest planted areas of the trees in the world, Azadirachtin has begun to used in china. At present, China has not had national standards for the Determination of Azadirachtin, In this study, A new method was established for determination of Azadirachtin residues in fruits and vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography. The sample was first extracted by acetonitrile, and then cleaned up by LC-NH2 and filtrated through 0.2μm pore size membrane, was determined by HPLC. The calibration curve for azadirachtin showed good linear correlation within the concentration range of 0.5～4.0mg/L (r=0.997). The recoveries ranged form 76.25% to 110.75%, The detection limits was 0.2mg/L, The relative standard deviation (RSD) range of 0.79～10.84%. This method is convenient, reliable and with good reappearance. It can be used in determining the content of Azadirachtin residues in fruits.