Hopeless Flying

The dissertation focuses on the development of avant-garde literature in the 20c's ending period in China, the turning of which in the end of 1980s led into many changes in 1990s and affected the whole tenor of Chinese literature. This dissertation so begins with the turning and discusses the process and the influences of it.Introduction: Here the object of this dissertation is brought forward and defined. Further it discusses the different plight of these avant-garde writers pointing out the different backgrounds and causes interior or exterior. (1) The culture as a whole has been changed. (2) Multiform ideas came out with much feasibility. So the unity of the reading crowd is torn out and the spirit of enlightment does not haunt them any more. (3) With the awake of self-consciousness, these writers began to probe into the inbeing of real avant-garde, which led to multiform styles. Differences come into being.(4)From the view of accepting, Readers are becoming bored to the same insipid novels that congested their eyereach. So some of the writers return to purity and plainness, which should be watched dialectly.Chapter I : This dissertation discusses the transformation of avant-garde novels in the end of 1980's referring to the whole cultural surroundings and all the possible causes, indicating the appearances and forms of ideals. It shows the trends of inclining to inner mind, to real life and to history writing. Some of the novels of Yu Hua,Ge Fei and Su Tong reveal the transformation. The transformation of avant-garde novels lies in some aspects followed: (a)newly-understood ideals of avant-garde, (b)more explorations into brand-new forms of novels.Chapter II: The dissertation depicts the transfer of attention from text and narration to reality in the contemporary society. It is indispensable for the avant-garde novels to describe human's real life and actual history. The transformation of avant-garde writers comes from the efforts of this kind. These novels under this idea may also have experimental features. But they are founded on the basis of the real life and derive- many realistic factors from there. So the aesthetics value of them should be thought highly of. And this trend is the certain terminate of avant-garde novels and is instructive to the development of literature.Chapter III: The dissertation believes that real avant-garde should keep mind on human's existence in the dimension of time and pay attention to the writing of human's history. Historical avant-garde novels burst forth and ingathered manythese writers turn to history for help and this forms a collective way of time perceiving. The style of discourses can be described from these aspects: 1.subjective attitudes against utilitarianism and enlightenment. 2.characters of parablization. 3.consiciousness of tragedy.ChapterIV: The dissertation looks after the efforts of extreme text experiments and regards it as one way of actualization of avant-garde spirits. First, the dissertation recounts the relation between avant-garde and text experiment and points out that the core character of avant-garde is the efforts to new text form. Second, this dissertation lists some new text characteristics of avant-garde novels. Finally, the dissertation sums up the various efforts of those avant-garde writers and regards them as profitable contributions to the development of Chinese literature.Epilogue: The dissertation analyses the intercommunity of those trends aforesaid and believes that those trends make up of the characteristics of avant-garde novels. Then the dissertation pictures the situation, function and penetration to other literature concept forms of avant-garde.