The Liaodong Peninsula Of, Neolithic And Bronze Age Environmental Archeology

This article is an initial enviornmental archeaology research on Liaodong(辽东) Peninsula with Neolithic and Bronze age are concerned.Firstly,this article rescontructs the time and space scope of the Holocene transgression in Liaodong Peninsula by inspecting the distributions of different periods sites, and put forward that the Holocene transgression in Liaodong Peninsula began at about 8000B.P. , the transgression maximum was during6500-5000B.P. .The area greateast affected was Donggou(东沟) plain where the sea water got into inland about 14 kilometers.In other areas it was about 7 kilometers.Then, this aticle discusses the ecosystem modes and their changes during the Neolithic period and Bronze age with the statistic on productive tools and animal bones found in many sites.This research finds that the ecosystem modes transformed from agriculture to hunting in the north of the paninsula, from hunting(including seashell gathering) to agriculture in the south ,and from hunting(including seashell gathering) to sea fishery on the islands.Next, the reason for the ecosystem mode changes is discussed. In the north of peninsula, the lack of arable land resulted by the Holocene transgression and the increase of the population was the main reason for the change of ecosystem mode. In the south of peninsula, the main reason is the decrease of seashell resources and the increase of population.On the islands, because the ecosystem was too fragile ,human activities led to the decrease of animal resources and arable lands,therefore, the native inhabitents had to develop fishery as an ecosystem mode.Finally, this article summarizes some features of the relationship between human being and natural enviornment.That is, human adapted the enviornment at first,then they affected it.The ajustment is the base of affection.Human being didn't become a successful farmer. The affection of the enviornmental change was only confined within some specific area and the exchange with other region brought little influence on native ecosystem.