Shanxi The Wenshui Tonal Experiment

The Wenshui City lies in the central part of Shanxi province,It belongs to Lvliang city.Wenshui dialect is one of the dialects of Bingzhou part of jin group.Up to now,there are not so much information about Wenshui dialect,and the phonetists got the primary production using the traditional methods such as hearing and nothing. This thesis will research the tones of Wenshui dialect by means of acoustic experiments to get the mono-syllable tone,the bi-syllable tone patterns and the domain of the tones of the single-word and the two-character-word.This paper also proposed three tone-normalized strategics,and explained for the reasons of part of modified tones.This thesis composes of three chapters.The first chapter summarizes the present experimental research of Chinese tone, the characteristic of Jinyu Bingzhou dialect zone and the phonetic system of Wenshui dialect.The chapter also introduces the aim,procedure and method of the experiment.The second chapter studies the pitch and duration of the mono-syllable tone.1. The mono-syllable tone pitch got in the experiment is:Pingsheng322,Shansheng511, Qusheng 24,Yinru322,Yangru511.It is found that the tone pitch of Pingsheng is identical with Yinru's,such as Shangsheng's and Yangru's.The glottal stops in Yinru and Yangru have exfoliated,and the duration of them become longer,but there exists short-long distinctive feature between Pingsheng and Yinru,such as Shansheng and Yangru.2.The duration pattern of mono-syllable tone is Pingsheng/Shansheng＞Qusheng in neutral tones,and Yangru＞Yinru in entering tones.The difference between neutral tones and entering tones has disappeared.The neutral tones are not always longer than entering tones.3.The conclusion about tone-domain of mono-syllable is that:The maximum and minimum of tone-domain of female are bigger than those of male,and the span of tone-domain of female is wider than that of male,The distinction of maximum of tone-domain between female and male is more obvious than that of minimum's.The third chapter studies the pitch and duration of the bi-syllable tone.1.As for the pitch:(1)When Pingsheng lies in the position of the first character,the bi-syllable tone pattern whose first character is Yinping is connected with grammar structure,while the modified tone whose first character is Yangping has no relation with it,we could infer the tone's categories of Pingsheng through the modiefied tone of the latter character.(2)The sandhi modes of T3+T3/T8,T5+T1/T7,T7+T7 are relative to grammar structure.The tone pitch of the last character will not change in verb-object word group and subject-predicate word group,on the contrary,it will change in word group consisting a modifier and the word it modifiers and so on.(3) This paper proposed three tone-normalized strategics.①The bi-syllable tone pitch is normalized by comparing the mono-syllable tone pitch.②The bi-syllable tone pitch is confirmed by applicating phonemic opposions principle.③The bi-syllable tone-value is normalized according to the feature of the dialect.2.About the duration, It is found that the short-long distinctive feature exists between Susheng and Cusheng in the former characters,but disappears in latter characters.The duration of mono-syllable tone is longer than the former or latter character's,but shorter than the whole sandhi's.3.As for tone-domain,the tone-domain of the two-character-word is wider than that of the single word's,which results from the improvement of tone-domain's ceiling.The maximum and minimum of tone-domain of female are bigger than those of male,and the span of tone-domain of female is wider than that of male.4.The Rusheng's feature on the sandhi mode is that:(1)Shusheng and Cusheng whose pitch values are equivalent whose sandhi modes are identical.The sanghi pattems of T1+X are almostly identical with T7+X's,and T3+X has the same ones as T8+X's.(2)It is found that the glottal stops in Yinru and Yangru is obvious and stable in the former characters,but disappears in latter characters,and the duration of them is short in the former characters,while becomes longer in the latter characters.