Community Service: New Exploration Of Rural Governance

Since China’s reform and opening up, along with the progress of modernization in our country,the rural social openness, liquidity and heterogeneity has become increasingly apparent. In the population flowing area, large population outflow causes rural hollowing out, a large number of land unused. Rural decline phenomenon is increasingly highlighted. In the area of population inflow, the influx of a large number of floating population, puts pressure to the social management on the one hand, on the other hand, because of the household registration system and bound of land property rights system, makes the flow of the villagers is difficult to enjoy the basic public services, due to their marginalization in defined. It is difficult to guarantee basic rights. Affected by the reform of taxes and fees and the cancellation of agricultural tax, the outside income of rural grass-roots governance system decreases significantly, and the government transfer payment is not enough to make up for the fiscal gap of rural grass-roots governance. It is difficult for the one project one discussion system to play a substantial role in the gradual change of village. Financial fund is insufficient in rural grass-roots governance, and the management ability is shorting. The phenomenon of traditional rural mutual care gradually disintegrates, the rural social structure becomes differentiation, rural social identity is increasingly weakened, inflow and outflow of population makes the countryside social problem increase. Facing the change of the rural environment, the rural traditional rural grass-roots governance system constructed on the basis of the static structure shows a lot of inadaptability in the new era. It is difficult to deal with justice problem due to community alienation between acquaintance and strangers in and to shape a new community identity. The rural public service grows harder, service demand of the farmers is difficult to meet, and the further development of rural is limited by many systems. Further development of rural grass-roots governance encounters bottlenecks, it is urgent for rural community villagers to seek a new way of grassroots governance. The rural community service of the city of L is an innovation based on the changed rural reality, is the state’s transformation from economic intervention to providing public services for farmers.The new rural community provides service for the villagers.The nearby villages together to create a new type of rural community, the governance scope of which expand,making up of several villages nearby. The governance way improves, making service to management,and the governance bodies are extended.The government, the villagers participate in community construction together with the community enterprises. Governance goal are perfected toconstantly meet the diverse needs of the community members.This new type of rural governance improves the rural governance environment and community public interest comes true. It makes community villagers get great convenience.This paper based on the theory of governance, putting public service as the main content and rural community service of the city of L as the analysis of cases, discusses the background, the process of rural community service and perfect measures. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is introduction, including the selected topic basis, research significance, research methods, domestic and foreign literature review about rural community and community service,and has carried on the brief comments. The second part includes the related concepts and theoretical basis and the definition for rural community, community service, rural community and definition of governance and the governance theory, governance, rural governance are introduced. The third par puts L city in Shandong province as an example, analyses the background, content, effect and so on of the new rural community service. The fourth part discusses the problems and the reasons of the community service. Problems mainly include that villagers demand does not correspond with government’s respond, main body’s enthusiasm of participation to governance service is not high, the dynamic long-term governance is difficulty.The reasons include that the governance bodies are difficult to form a communication mechanism, the governance bodies are difficult to form a resultant force due to their interest differentiation, the governance process cannot last forever due to little guarantee. The fifth part is thought of perfecting the community service, discussing the aspect of communication and decision-making mechanism, interest integration and consistent action. The fifth part is epilogue to sum up the whole paper and point out the direction of improvement.