The Evolution Of Land Tenancy System In Tang Dynasty

Land tenancy system has experienced during the spring and autumn and the warring states period, the development of the han to the tang dynasty has gradually become perfect. In three hundred, the tang dynasty rulers treat the land in different periods of different system management, contributed to the evolution of the land tenancy system. To collapse, the performance of land equalization policy inhibition of land acquisition to indulge, increasing land deals... All of these various reasons, lead to the change of the land tenancy system in tang dynasty. This paper focuses on the historical data of the inspection, the comprehensive special historical environment in different periods of tang dynasty, according to this, to explore the evolution of the land tenancy system in tang dynasty. There are many different kinds of land in the tang dynasty, different land name abound, but its kinds roughly:fall into two categories kanden and folk-land. This article from this land in two categories, namely select representative, can response environment of the society as a whole class of land types in the tang dynasty to discuss their respective tenancy system specific how evolution.Wasteland in the Tang dynasty has the branch of military wasteland and civilian wasteland. Military wasteland used to solve military uniforms, the early stage of the Tang dynasty military wasteland by the military to farm, to the late Tang dynasty, the tenancy relationships, allowing shuzu to bring their families rented land wasteland, and treat people to practice. Dispute civil wasteland military nature of wasteland, farming by more people, in the early stage of the Tang dynasty as a form of corvee, occasional tenancy situation in west Asia region, in the late Tang dynasty, in order to keep the land use idle waste, complement the government’s fiscal revenue, and put the people displaced by the war, widely let civilian refugees had tenanted wasteland.Official duty field of tenancy object and rent a change in the late Tang dynasty before, as the early stage of the Tang dynasty field object of tenancy for the compartment people, its charge rent for the quota rent, the rent income obtained also belongs to the officials, as the bread of officials. By the end of Tang dynasty, due to the increasing land annexation situation, the position of field of tenancy object is become a poor prisoner, together with government corruption, oppression, the farmers job field lease became mandatory, became the burden of the people do not refuse. Rent amount also gradually increased, the rent income also is not only as its duty field belongs to high officials, will be smoke go to make up the government finance, city officials’ pay.Between folk-land tenancy mainly relates to the people of tenancy and between the landlord and the people of the tenancy, the early Tang dynasty, because the JunTian insufficiency, the scattered field distribution, giving land tenancy of land situation is more, each other between the people after the middle Tang dynasty, land acquisition, the landlord manor, farmer’s land less, between folk-land tenancy gradually turned to the landlord and the people of the tenancy. The middle Tang dynasty, sublet phenomenon also appear in the folk, relet contract as rent contracts, has many clear rules for sublet, sublease land of clear, clear and liability for breach of contract clearly linked to sublet. Folk-land rent in mid Tang dynasty as the dividing line, also showed a trend of a rise before they drop.The Tang dynasty, the temple land possession quantity is considerable. In addition to the monastery itself open up wasteland, the wind of the temple in the Tang dynasty to donate land has also been popular, from the late Tang dynasty temple issued multiple to donate land restriction in the imperial edicts gleaned can. Temple land increase gradually, the mode of operation has also changed, temple land tenancy is along with the increase in temple land. From early stage by the monastery affiliated serfs farming, until the mid Tang dynasty, into a tenancy. The rent is also changing from labor rent to kain.Tang dynasty rent contracts, in form and content, has had a certain change. In form, and sign date back gradually, effective contract conditions by "two and sign" into "two flat chapter together", on the content of the contract, added the description of the four "land", default punishment also has a corresponding weight shift. Rent contracts of these changes, both in form and content, reflects the level of rent contracts outstanding sign in Tang dynasty, then reflects people’s legal consciousness in improving both the tenant and the lessor, for their own rights protection concepts have been strengthened.