| ⅠUrbanization is the symbol of human modernization.In the economic development of the state and region,Urbanization is a process and machanism when changing from Rural to Urban economy,initiating important changes in such fields as industry structure,employment structure,consumption style,and so on.It displays as the expansion of city scale,the improvement of city development level and the changes of the people's manner and concept of value, as well as the centralization of population to city from rural area.As an important part of urbanization and indicating an important layer of urbanization process,rural urbanization is an inevitable process for the evolution from traditional agricultural society to modern industry society or agricultural state to industry state, and the inevitable trend of modernization.Eccentially speaking,Rural urbanization is the process of transfer from traditonal agricultural economic society living to modern city economic society living,which includes:1.the transforming process of rural area to urban area, ie. urbanization;2.the transforming process of agricultural population to non-agricultural population,ie,non-ruralization;3.the transforming process of agriculture and its production mode to urban industry and its production mode, ie, agricultural industrialization and modernization.The subject of rural urbaniation has always been the focus of concern by the theoritical fields home and abroad. The rise of British industry revolution in 1760 brought about the concentrtion of population from rural to urban and thus led to the expansion of city scale and numbers.Just as elaborated by Maxist economists, Urbanization is the outcome of the human society's development to a certain stage and the inevitable trend of social economy development and the result of social production development.Meanwhile the increasing improvement of urbanization level will take an important impact upon city and countryside themselves, improving the modernization of urban and rural, improving thereasonable flowing of population and the industry structure, being helpful to the forming and development of complete and resonable economic zones.The Western scholars also established their own theory modles from different angles, such as Lewis' Dual Economic Model,Todaro Model, Concentration Economy Theory, Friedmann's Center-periphery Paeadigm trying to explain and analyze the force machanism of population's migration from rural to urban,as well as the problems brought about by the high urbanization and so on.Rural urbanization,as an inevitable outcome of the development of social productive force and an important companion and restrictive factor of economic growth and social activities,has been paid a widespread concern and attention to by most of the economists,sociologists,geographers,demographers and ecologists in the world.In the mid/late 1980s,while population urbanization came into a stagnation one after another in developed countries, scholars in the world brought into focus to probe the ways of it in developing countries especially in India and China which have the largest population in the world.Therefore it is of great importance to advance the research and quide the development of the world rural urbanization that to make a systematic study on the features and developing course,selecting the models and ways of it in China.The Chinese scholars began to study the rural urbanization in early 1980s.A turning point was seen with the adoption of the economic system reform and the Policies of opening to the outside world in 1978.With the quickening of reform in China, surplus labour from fileds has been incresingly released.The reality of the Chinese economic development and the preasure of surplus labours from the fields badly need to do further study on rural urbanization.In this process,it is of theoretical and practical significance to look for correct way of rural urbanization, to find the models of rural urbanization beneficial to migration of surplus rural labour, and to select and wor... |
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