Theories And Methods Of Human Resource Valuation Study

The core of the theory of human capital investment is manpower resources value assessing. Although the labor theory of value and the surplus theory of value in classical political economics of capitalist class and in Marxist political economy involve the relevant theories of the human resource, the most penetrating, direct and solid theoretical foundation of it is the human capital investment theory put forward by an American economist named Theodore. W.Schultz, in 1960. The proposition of this theory applies to the request of knowledge economy and leads to extensive concern to accountants, economists and managers. Therefore, Schultz received the Nobel Price of Economics. Moreover, Human capital investment theory is confirmed as the general income theory by an American economist named Gary.becker who set out from maximization of benefit principles, and the new development economics regards the capital accumulation of human resources as the endogenous variable to study, and holds that the reasons of the different speed of economic development in various countries are the human capital investment.Since the 1980's, many Chinese accountants have introduced human resource accounting from America as well as made great and untiring efforts on it, among of whom included Yan-dawu of the Renming University of China, Xun-guojun of Qingdao Marine University, Liu-zhongwen of Capital University of Economics and Business, Zhong-wenxian of Fudan University researched from the aspect of accounting, Zhang de of Qinghua University, He-chongjin of Sichuan university researched from the point of management, the famous economist, Hu-angang from the view of economics and Legend group company of science academic of China and Huawei company of Shenzhen from the aspect of practice. So the theory human capital investment put forward by Schultz based on Marx's theory of Labor value and surplus value theory can be regarded as the theoretical foundation of modern income and distribution theory, if Marx's theory of Labor value is look granted as the foundation of the traditional income and distribution theory.The pioneering research and practice by foreruns have offered abundant theoretical resources to us. The research of this essay shows that manpower resources investmentmakes manpower resources before employment forms the primitive value of human resources, while the investment of enterprise and institution and continous education investment after employment forms the additional value of it. Complex labor is called simple labor theory "multiplier"(labor theory of value), producer's surplus theory (surplus value rate) and equivalent price theory (margin contribution rate), and it is the direct theoretical foundation used to assess human resources value and of participating in distribution of income of manpower resources. Manpower resources value can use currency and non-currency methods to assess its potential form value, flow form value and condense form value. And the assessing methods have the characteristics of variety, complementary and relativity. Comparatively speaking, the law of objective management seems simple and easy, while the law of present value of income seems scientific and rigorous. So the latter is a rational choice to be used to assess manpower resources value. Under the normal condition, the value of human resources is greater than the exchange value of it. It should participate in the distribution of the post-tax profit of enterprises by various ways to realize its own value.