Hunan Agricultural Co-sports Zhongnong Policy Failures Reasons Analysis

Aiming to realize Chinese socialist industrialization and modern agri-culturalization, cooperative transformation of agriculture was carried out in rural areas as a great revolution to reform private ownership of means of prodution and build the socialist system. As a part of Chinese cooperative transformation of agriculture, the cooperative transformation of agriculture in Hunan, directed by the concerning policies from the central committee,was a epitome of Chinese movement of cooperative transformation of agriculture.During the movement of cooperative transformation of agriculture in Hunan, the policy to middle peasants was a feeler of examining whether the movement was successful or not. In accordence with the Part's class policies of rural areas, the provincial committee of Hunan suggested in the prophase of the movement that middle peasants could not be sqeezed out,that the means of production could be put out to lease,that interests must be distributed according to proper proportion to those who bought a share with their lands, and that the policy of distributsll according to work must be carried out. Such suggestions helped to develop the production of agriculture and magnify the middle peasant group.The followings could be used to embody the change of the class policy in rural areas. Poor peasants were emphasized unilaterally while middle peasants were treated unfairly representing that they were elbowed out in politics and restricted in economy. As a result of that the middle peasant' s productive enthusiasm was discouraged, which led to the stagnancy of production and the shrink of middle peasant group.The reasons that the plicy to middle peasants was fired into thewrong flock in the anaphase of the movement were mainly manifested by the followings. Firstly, due to the limitation of acquaintanceship the peasats mutual enthusiasm was wrongly regarded as their socialist enthusiasm, which resulted in the equalitarian distribution and impinged the middle peasants' interests;Secondly,the mistake of "Left"was inevitable because the "left"policy was carried through from the top to the lower by executive orders, although the prorincial committee of Hunan attempted to resist the mistake of "Left";Thirdly,according to the policy of "uniting middle peasants", the middle peasants were only the objects of unibus so they might be regarded as friends or enemies as well and they could be united or perished as well. On the base of historical experiences the lapsus of policy to middle peasants was inevitable.In conclusion, the movement of cooperative transformation agriculture in Hunan may be divided into two phases: the successful prophase and the failing anaphase. From the lessons drawn from experiences we know now that whether the policy to middle peasants was correct or not was the key to the movement. And the lessons also tell us that the socialist relations of production in the countries are not a subjective and fixed mode, and that we must respect the peasants' choices and their creat-ings. The movement of cooperative transformation of agriculture in Hunan offers a historical reference for Hunan's economical and political reforms in the countries.