Freedom And Poverty - People's Communes The Rise And Fall, For Example

This passage aims at discussing the relationship between liberty and poverty and illustrating what sort of laws is advantageous to get away from poverty making Hayek's spontaneous order as kernel concept.On the base of division of knowledge which was distincted by Hayek, this passage illustrates liberty under the rule of law and draws a line between spontaneous order,organization order,the nomos and the thesis to argue the relationship between liberty civilization and poverty . After theoretical arrangement, it illuminates this topic in practice, combining the efforts that the Chinese people made to change their fate in the 50's to 80's of last century.Liberty is under the rule of law.Hayek defines liberty as condition which is the independence of the arbitrary will of another. Liberty just refers to the relationship between one another , excluding physical possibilities one can choose at a special time .A series of situations that others can't intervene are subscribed in the life circumstances ofeveryone--everyone has some assured private sphere which isassured by the rule of law .So the rule of law is the foundation of liberty ,coercion can be minimized by rule of law . Value of liberty exists in regarding humans as ends instead of means and solves the problem of division of knowledge.Liberty and property are closely lined up. Property is the defender of liberty. Liberty and property are connected by John Locke through labor. The labor he refers to is free labor instead of slave labor. John Commons expands the definition of property from concrete material to bargaining capability, from practical liberty to bargaining liberty in all economical business. He thinks liberty that has economical value and can produce advantageous expectation in the future means property . It means deprivation of property to limit liberty with economical value. Hayek thinks law. Liberty and property are a kind of trinity which can't be divided.The distortion of liberty violates the idea of liberty. Liberty doesn't at all means laissez faire but under the rule of law. There is no liberty where there is no law .Positive freedom restricts one's freedom,negative freedom expands one's freedom .After analyzing natural and artificial equinoctial method by ancient Greece ,Hayek brings forth the third sphere of social order --the result of human action but not of human design-spontaneous order. He thinks that division of knowledge decides the orderliness of social order shouldn't be the result of general instruction, it can only be formed when the essential factors of the order reflects to their immediate circumstances adhering to the rules by themselves. Liberty is the prevequisition of spontaneous order. The rule embraces the uncountable generations' experience, which plays the role of overcoming ignorance. I track down the study of the spontaneous trigin, illustrate different definitions of organization order and define nomos and thesis.1 contrast and analyze the relationship between spontaneous order, organization order and civilization and poverty, draw the conclusion that liberty creats civilization, civilization originates from the expand of spontaneous order. I also think the origin of poverty exists that organization order substitutes spontaneous order, nomos replaces thesis, government power controls personal freedom; the degree that liberty loss determines the degree of poverty.In the 1950's of the last century, great changes took place in Chinese rural society, which confims the above conclusion.Through the movement of cooperative transformations of agriculture and transformation of people's commune under the promotion of the government power, a rural organization order which aimed at some ideal standard was established step by step, forced the peasants to realize some specific purposes. Government power becamethe foundation of social development, personal freedom is lostcompletely. The government controlled everything and leaded to the great suffering of rural society at last.The Chinese reforming and openi...