Collectivization And Rural Social Change

When many scholars study the current problems of China, they are always eyeing on the structure, institution, system of society, but neglecting the course of their formation, which is even non-consciousness. We can regard the history from the founding of new China to the 3-year disaster as the period of Chinese social structure, institution, operating mechanism. This article takes Lu-village in the north of Anhui Province as the center and narrates the founding, stability, and development of the new regime and analyses the formation of the structure managing separately between the city and countryside and difference between the ideas of the state and the bottom of the society. The change of Lu-village is a part of the state during the more than 10 years and is response to the change of the state in the community.After the founding of the new China, Lu-village became the cell under the controlling of the state from a little village, which was encircled by many political powers. The state put the power on the bottom and control the village harder and harder through the Reciprocal Organization, Primary Co-op, Senior Co-op and People's Commune, however the peasants changed from the free individuals to the members fettered by the commune, but they got the protection from the state in the course of collectivization. With development of the movement of collectivization, the state's function of protection was weakening and its function of absorbing was hardening, so the peasants' loyalty and confidence in the state was weakening and they tried to get rid of the control of the collective and develop themselves. Therefore, the anomaly came into being in the course of collectivization, for example, the leaders becoming privileged, eating and occupying more, boasting vogue, authoritative fashion, secrete allocation, disguising the output, the peasants not caring about the profit of collective organization, pilfering, working not hard etc. The bigger collective organization is not better than the less one, and the less one is not better than individual laborers. The above thoughts existed in the villagers universally, in some place this thought was put into practice. That the individual economy replaces the collective economy is the premise that the individual is rid of the bondage of the great community and develop its personality. In the base of the developed commodity economy, each individual can develop himself freely and ail-roundly.There is much difference in the cognition of the persons who undergo the event, scholars and the state about the initial stage history of the new China. The cognition of the persons who undergo the event is originated from their perceptional knowledge, the scholars usually eye on the fact and evidence, and the state regards the history as the propaganda and materials to make the modern myth.