History And Across

At the late of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, rational bureaucracy, as an administrative system, was set mainly up by Max Weber. It was formed on the basic theory of dividing administration from politics by Woodrow Wilson and Frank J Goodnow. Such a model of bureaucracy met the needs of industrial society and propelled the society and economy forward at that time. However, with the steps that the western countries transited to post-industrial society, the advantages of bureaucracy, which had been praised highly before, also had gradually become disadvantages. It gets more and more criticisms for its out-of-date self-benefit, low-efficiency and rigidity. In the process of criticisms against traditional bureaucracy and of constructing and practicing the theory of new public management, the western developed countries have come into the post-bureaucratic era. In this era, government transits the role to be "steersman" from "paddle player", the bureaucratic management is replaced by the commune self-governing, the unnecessary and over-elaborate formalities are replaced by the missions of the organizations, the providing way of public goods is transited from monopolization to free market competition, the government motivated by bureaucracy is transited to the one motivated by customers, and the centralized power management is divided by decentralized organization. The administrative reforms break all the unreasonable factors, and bring the whole government organization more spirits of sensitivity, creativity and reformation.After the founding of PRC, especially after the reforming and opening policy, the theory and practice of Chinese administration system reformation has got a rapid progress, but because of the different reasons, the system still remains as a stage of insufficient bureaucracy. On the basis of theories of "determination and selection of administration model", "spanning Caftan valley" and "advantage of backwardness", the writer concludes that the best choice of present Chinese administration system reform should be such a diversified administrative model which constructed mainly by bureaucracy in this post-bureaucratic era. At the same time, he proposes some specific suggestions and measuresto answer how to construct and, by means of Peters"4 future governing models", to answer how to span bureaucracy in China. In the tide of the administrational reform spread all over the world, the writer hopes to construct an efficient administrative reform system which accords with the realistic and future tendency of China, by means of making use of the valuable factors of traditional bureaucracy for reference, combining our country's reality, assimilating the latest administrative reform achievements from different countries including developed nations, and fully making use of the "advantage of backwardness", so that the spanning development of Chinese administrative management system can be achieved in near future.