Victim Of Crime Prevention Perspective

Traditional study of criminal science focused only on criminal. Researchers didn't realize the means of victims in the whole study of criminal science, especially in the study of crime prevention. And they took the victim only as the by-products of the crime or criminal. However the crime prevention strategy singly aimed at criminal and potential criminal was being increasingly negated by crime realities. The fruitlessness of this prevention strategy had already proved its limitation and unilateralism.Under this circumstance, some researchers devoted in the field of victim found many tasks that need to be completed or strengthened. Therefore victimology developed in the fifties of the twentieth century as a new science. And western scholars began to pave a new way of research with emphasis on the perspective of victimization and the victim of crime. In near half century after victimology appeared, theory of crime prevention based on victimization and victim has been further enriched and considered. However, the study of victim's criminalization is still being neglected, and that's why this article puts forward the concept of "prevention of victim", in short of "POV", which means we should not only prevent the victimization of victim(or potential victim), but also prevent the criminalization of the suffered victim.With approximate 38000 characters, this article is to be divided into four parts.Part one introduces the basic theory of crime prevention. Crime is the object of crime prevention, so it's necessary for us to have a clear conception of crime before we can talk about the overall crime prevention. Based on the need of study in this article, the concept of crime is defined in some typical views. Then this article analyses the necessity of crime prevention, reviews the theory and practices of crime prevention, and brings up the means of the victim in the prevention of crime.Part two examines the "prevention of victim" (POV). In this part, the paper introduces the concept of the victim, the characters of the victim, and the classifications of the victim. And then discusses the "prevention of victim", which is more applicable than crime prevention.Part three mainly analyses the foundations of "POV". The paper in this part focus on the four theories of the phenomenon of victim, that is "Routine Activity Theory","Broken Windows","Victim's Factors" and "Cycle of violence". These theories escape the limitation of the traditional crime prevention aimed only at criminal (or potential criminal). Taking "Routine Activity Theory" as an example, its explanations about why the crime occurs is that the following three factors meet with each other, namely "suitable target","absence of capable guardians" and "motivated offender". "Broken windows" theory considers the disorder factors in the social or the dis-behavior of the victim himself. And the theory of "Cycle of violence" emphasizes the victim-experience in the generations and non-generations, and it tells us that one who suffered victim (in his childhood) tends to commit a crime in his future life. According to these theories, we can easily find that the prevention of crime can be realized by preventing the victimization or re-victimization of victim, or the criminalization of victim. Some empirical studies also prove these facts.The fourth part of this essay demonstrates (concentrates on) the specific measures of "POV", and it is the aim of the study of this paper. According to the empirical researches, it is easy for us to know when the crime may likely occurs, where the crime may likely take place, and whom the crime may likely violate. So the likely victims can escape in the dangerous time,the dangerous places, or at least keep themselves in mind with the awareness of preventing being violated in the dangerous places and so on. As victimization is a constantly developing dynamic process, the "POV" can be realized through three stages of victimization: prevention in pre-victim, prevention in victim and prevention in post-victim. Considering the crime (or broken factors) occurs in the communities, we can prevent crime by improving the environment of the communities. If the victims are not compensated properly, they will commit new crimes to make up their damages or cause other worse situations, so we should establish the system of social assistance to recover the victim in order to preventing the victim's criminalization.