Nationalist Government In Chongqing City During Baojia Staff To Develop The System Of Chu Theory

During National Government period, Chongqing city once became the capital of Sichuan province, the capital of National Government in the wartime, and the second capital after the war. The systems about the nurturance of the neighborhood administration personnel had representative significance.Failure to abide by the law in handling affairs was common occurrence, so the role of the neighborhood administration personnel in the law was difficult to come true. This article mainly interprets all kinds of systems about the neighborhood administration personnel in the legal sence. To that, we can know about the government's efforts to improve the quality of the neighborhood administration personnel and the government's contridition during dealing shese affairs.The systems about the neighborhood administration revived in the 1930's, after going out of use in the the late Qing dynasty and the early years of the National Government. The basic cause was that the feudal self-sufficient economy was the main economic form. The immediate cause is that Jiang jieshi wanted to destroy the revolutionary base leaded by Chinese Communist Party and tight popular organizations.The neighborhood administration personnel played a important role in grass-roots community. After setted, the neighborhood administration personnel firstly needed to establish codes between his people and supervise the observance of codes. Secondly, population's statistics was ever a duty of the neighborhood administration personnel. Because the population's statistics directly affected the collection of taxes and social security, government attached great importance to this duty. Thirdly, the neighborhood administration personnel played important role on the neighbourhood dispute mediation. Because of serious lack of judicial resources, government hoped the neighborhood administration personnel maded more efforts to deal with more neighbourhood disputes, even maded this duty as a part of eamination content. Finally, the neighborhood administration personnel played an important function of social security. Jiang jieshi wanted the militarization of rural organizations, and used the neighborhood administration personnel in place of the police office through inventoring accounts and mutual association. Chongqing Municipal Government maded efforts to play this duty to the limit.The neighborhood administration personnel played such an important role to the maintenance of the rule of government, that the effect decided on their quality gone without saying. Accordingly Chongqing Municipal Government promulgated a large number of regulations to improve their quality. Fistly government put up three times large-scale organizations, in order to more smoothly manage grass-roots administrative staffs. In the three organizations, police office had different status, and in the third police office was out of the management of grass-roots administrative staffs. In the next place, relevant organs proposed several measures to protect the status of the neighborhood administration personnel. At the same time, relevant organs brought forward three ideas to improve their quality. First, all the neighborhood administration personnel came out through election. Second, the bao leader was part time by public school principals. Third, the training of the neighborhood administration personnel needed to be intensified. Simultaneitily, Chongqing Municipal Government Instructions had a lot of measures about incentives and penalties, which could guide the neighborhood administration personnel to provide more service for government.Chongqing Municipal Government Instructions was aware of the existence of a large number of questions about the neighborhood administration personnel, and maded a lot of efforts to improve. But the whole quality of the neighborhood administration personnel had not chang essentially. The neighborhood administration personnel didnot still comply with the appropriate conditions of the related posts. Even the stitution that illiteracy was the neighborhood administration personnel came out.The neighborhood administration personnel and the police office had close relationship in Chongqing, which was unique in the whole country. In the first organization, the police office was the direct leader of the neighborhood administration personnel. And the town mayor was from the police officials. The work of the neighborhood administration personnel was guided by the police office, and the appointments, assessment, training of them was surperviced by the police office. This case had been continued until May 19th, 1943, when the National Government published the "Municipal Organization Act" and town official was wasted.As the concepts of autonomy and respect to human rights internationally rised, National Government decided to implement its so-called grassroots autonomy. In 1st 1943 Jiang jieshi published that Chongqing, as the demonstration zone of the implementation of the New Life Movement and the implementation of local autonomy, firstly implied the "constitutionalism". Subsequently, Chongqing Municipal Government reorganized the neighborhood administration personnel on September 1st, 1944, to comply with the adjustments order on the following areas of the organization of local self-government by the Executive Ministy. Since then, the police office little intervened in the work of the neighborhood administration personnel in Chongqing.However, in nature, the neighborhood administration orgnisation continually provided service for the official administrative system of National Government, which was its nature. It was the rulers who wanted to increase the penalty mechanism to scare the public through adding to jointed liability, so as to achieve the objective to issue orders. But, if there was no corresponding dictatorial powers to carry out duties, the objective of such a system would come to nothing in fact, due to the responsibility of the neighborhood administration personnel. So that every one would try all possible means to avoid beening the neighborhood administration personnel. If the neighborhood administration personnel was given the corresponding rights with their duties, the administration far away from the supervision quickly became been free from restraint, which would constantly swallowed people. This was not to due to the subjective will of the ruler, but by the backward productivity, the lack of democratic consciousness of the people and National Government's nature of big landlords and big bourgeoisie.However, because of continuing efforts of the National Government, the neighborhood administration personnel's quality constantly developed, which safeguarded the lives of the peoples of the Chongqing area, and not maded the region into upheaval.