Rawls' Justice Evolution

Rawls is a model of life for one thing. He went all life on the Theory of Justice, mainly reflected in the "A Theory of Justice"and"Political Liberalism". He creatively have the "Original Position"and "Veil of Ignorance" as the default setting of the premise, providing a theoretical value neutral stance. This way, on the one hand, makes the philosophical studies getting rid of the theory of human nature and Apriorism assumptions which modern scholars have criticized, on the other hand, lberates ethics and the political philosophy from the scientific principle and positivism's research repertoire, entrusting with both take the morals and the value judgment as the content substantive connotation, and restoring their philosophy as a serious study status. At the same time, through" Reflective Equilibrium," Rawls's just principle has obtained the validity. At the "A Theory of Justice", it was regarded as a modern democratic society's universal moral order, and at the "Political Liberalism", it changed into a purely political concept, becoming the core of overlapping consensus in the social politics life.This paper tried hard through retern to the main content of the "A Theory of Justice" and "Political Liberalism", to explain Rawls' principles of justice is how to transit from one kind of moral philosophy to the political philosophy. To illustrate this point, this paper focuses on the fair justice and political justice, and pointed out that the original state is the common starting point for the two feasibility studies, and was also the guarantee which Rawls's just view can transit reasonably;" The rational multiplication fact" of the modern constitutional government democratic community is the cause which Rawls ' just view transforms; The shaping of overlapping consensus "is this transformation process' crucial step .The fair justice idea's ethical value connotation will strip causes it only to become the society public political life the mutual recognition will be this transformation final achievement.This paper is divided into four parts:Introduction of a brief description of the western concept of justice and the development of liberalism context, as well as Rolls-writing background of the times, pointing out that the Enlightenment period to Rousseau and Locke represented by thinkers by the idea of freedom and equality is Rolle Andean "A Theory of Justice" source of the main ideas of freedom and equality of different interpretations constitute Lockerbie associated with "modern freedom" and Rousseau's traditions and linked to the "freedom of the ancient" traditional. This caused a split Western liberalism theory camp lasting turmoil. In the background, scientific, and positivism that period occupied the mainstream of philosophical studies, which only form of moral order and the logic of statements and semantic relations, and much less about the reality of the moral issue, even a scholar of "political philosophy is dead "questions. At the same time, in the modern utilitarian moral philosophy has been dominant position, but utilitarianism acknowledge that in order for some people to share in the interests of greater deprivation of the freedom of other people, which runs counter to the people's intuitive sense of justice and does not conform to liberalism by defenders of the principle of the inviolability of individual rights. Therefore, Rawls developed of the two principles of justice, not only reasonable blend of freedom and equality, but also to be a resolute utilitarian criticism.Chapter I tried to restore "A.Theory of Justice" in the "Original Position" and the principle of justice. "Original Position" is a "just" the logical starting point, this paper attempts to show that a "state of the original" core content of the "ignorance of the screen," The establishment of the principles of justice-oriented does not make an individualistic bias, or lead to the exclusion belittle such as kindness, love, etc. Community emotional value. On the contrary, this provides a set of values weak position, and on this basis can be established minimum standards for the principles of justice, the principle of the Community does not exclude the value of options. The principle of justice in the exposition, this paper explains the "difference principle" because it is the principle of free and equal integration between the cracks. In order to prove the legitimacy of this principle, Rawls distinction between "what I" and "My All" abstract "subject of possession," the concept of individual talent can be regarded as a social and public property, In the gifted and the distribution of social resources should be conducive to the interests of the beneficiaries at least. But it is itself not become the basis for entitlement to possession is a chance because of the fact that it is weak, not strong and sustained, and of the facts, which do not have the moral legitimacy. To resolve this problem, Rawls distinction between the "desert" and the "legitimate expectations" that "should be a" do not exist, only the existence of the right of "legitimate expectations." At the same time, "subject of possession" concept, its self-priority objective, and self-contained with total freedom of expression, freedom of conscience, and other fundamental freedoms, the basic system will be free of the main priorities of different pursuit of the good life, In other words, when (right) give priority to good. This concept is different from the liberalism of the key groups, Rawls is in the "A Theory of Justice" we should always adhere to the theory and to prove that position.Chapter II sought to restore "Political Liberalism," "political justice" and "overlapping consensus" two concepts. Rawls first assumption "reasonable pluralism" is a constitutional and democratic society in a permanent cultural identity, community members unable to universal moral and values issues to reach a consensus, and can and must be the basic structure of social arrangements reached, it is political justice the background. "A Theory of Justice", the principles of justice have been proven to be legitimate, rational person could be generally accepted, "Political Liberalism" would naturally have made arrangements for the basic structure of society the principle of status, which is also a sign of from the principles of justice and moral philosophy to a political philosophy. "Overlapping consensus" idea to try to answer a "rational diversification of the facts" for the characteristics of the constitutional and democratic society to maintain its unity and stability, which is the most critical one, overlapping consensus possible? That is the political arena, it can overwhelm the value of any possible conflict with the values? Rawls pointed out that the political value dominate social life and the basic framework of specific provisions of political and social cooperation, the basic purpose of which is extremely important, can not be easily jeopardise the. If members of society agree with this point, they can use the "consensus of the Constitution" and to "overlapping consensus", so as to realize a rational pluralism and a harmonious and stable social ideal. This paper summarizes the conclusion of the "justice" and "political liberalism" on the ethics and political philosophy made tremendous contribution to the common point out the value lies in a neutral path replaced the theory of human nature, such as philosophy Apriorism research methods, and open up a new ethics and political philosophy of the road. At the same time, modern society because of the multi-religious doctrine, the doctrine and moral philosophy and theory have had a profound split, Rawls political liberalism not only provided an ideal solution, but also revealed a research path, that is, overlapping political consensus reached in order to achieve stability in the society. This reflects the Rolls withdraw from the moral ideals, returning to the political character of the facts. In conclusion, this paper just two issues - the "reasonable transition to be" Political Liberalism "as well as how to treat the justice theory, from an ethical dimension to the transfer of the level of political philosophy - trying to make its own answer. To answer the first question, the paper's position that political philosophy must be a rational public, it does not concern the value of good and evil, but only to prove that the basic organizational structure of social legitimacy. Therefore, it needs to get rid of the purely personal facts, and "Veil of Ignorance" is the theory of prefabricated reasonable. "Original Position" and does not constitute the "A Theory of Justice" the transition to "Political Liberalism" obstacles. The second question relates to the modern socio-political and ethical understanding of the relationship between, starting from different positions have different conclusions. But this view of political morality and political morality is not a political philosophy and ethics to their own development, particularly in the contemporary rational pluralistic society. But no matter what the relationship of this evaluation are based on the value of certain positions, and this is precisely Rawls in the "A Theory of Justice" and "Political Liberalism" to be guarded.