Education And War

During the anti-Japanese war, large quantities of elementary and secondary school teachers fled to internal area to escape the war. To help these teachers and develop the elementary education in the rear area, the ministry of education of national government organized successively ten elementary education teacher services in the war zone, which located in Ankang city, Baocheng town, Nanzheng county and Yang county in Shanxi Province, Jiangjin district in Chongqing Province, Guiyang city in Guizhou Province, Santai county in Sichuan Province, Tianshui city in Gansu Province, Qiancheng city in Hunan Province and Ningxia Province. The teacher services have some comparatively intact organizational structures and managemental regulations, in addition, the sources of members are extensive. After the establishment of the teacher services, it holds some activities, such as editing teaching material, managing mass education, holding itinerant promotion and so on. All these activities share the characteristics of periodicity, adapting for the needs of the war and wide contents. The school and social educational activities done by the teacher services have greatly promoted the development of elementary education in the rear area; furthermore, they have also supported the great anti-Japanese war.This thesis is composed of introduction, the body and conclusion. The introduction part analyzes current situation, significance of research, the key and difficult points of the research, methodology of the research, the main content and materials of the research. The body part consists of four parts. The first chapter analyzes the characteristics of the establishment the teacher services, including the background, the process and the development. The second chapter analyzes in detail the organization, function, management system and the structure of the members of the teacher services. The third chapter states the school and social educational activities and analyzes the features of the educational activities of the teacher services. The fourth chapter gives a detailed analysis of the function of the teacher services and points out its insufficient. The conclusion part highly summarizes the main characteristics and role of the teacher services; moreover, it concludes the historical enlightenment to the development of elementary education of the western area.