Original Education Reinterpreting

Major:Curriculum and DidacticsSupervisor:Professor Zhang ShiyaAuthor:Yuan BaohuaIt has been commonly accepted that the primitive education which has aclose relationship with many crucial theories of education such as the origin,essence, function of education. It shows a great value on academic research. Bynow, there are two fields in which people have began to investigate theprimitive education: history and ethnology. In history the researchers are tryingto discover the secrets of the total developing process of the primitive education,and them to extract its unique features. Because of its long period of time, greatscope of space, the difficulty is imaginable. The quantity and the quality ofmaterials are soul of history research. Primitive education, from its origin topre-written education, lasted for three million years. From the point of space,there are so many nationalities in the seven continents in the world, thecomplexity of their primitive culture shows firmly that it's a long way toconstruct so complex and great theory system. Such way as "Accomplish thewhole task at one campaign" is not reasonable. It is almost impossible tomacroscopically construct a scientific primitive education theory at present. Inethnology researches are divided into microcosmic and mid-comic onmicrocosmic, only one nationality is involved to summarize the commonfeatures of primitive education. Mid-cosmic is more reasonable, for it tries torehabilitate the phenomenon of primitive education according to some presentprimitive tribes. For example, on the study of the primitive nationality insouthwest China, some Chinese researchers have gained great results. Still,systematic research on the primitive tribes in some region needs furtherconcerns, It is a new field. I am trying to make some efforts in this field.I construct my paper on the basis of three anthropologists researchingresults about Indians. This is a try of re-interpreting the primitive education by3using newly, scientific and systematical references, and it also intends toexplore a new road for the future research by using anthropological report onan investigation to reconstruct a history prospect.I divide the primitive education into two stages. In the first stage, educationis carried out in scene specifically, education is given in every concreteactivities, as one part of it and it begins, develops and ends following with thescene. Its main features are absence of full-time teachers, none of intentionallychosen educational content, lack of purpose, plan and organization It is aneducational pradtice which adapts to the horticulture. Its aim is to trainindividual's surviving ability, the cohesion of nationality, and the collectiveideas, In today's words, the primitive education includes life-long education,all-round education and all-member education. The excellent person innationality's culture emerges naturally from the scene education. It's the resultof persons' talent, diligence and the extreme sense of responsibility to his ownnationality.As the enforcement of human's self-consciousness, human-beings'consciousness to educate is also developing. The second stage is half-specificeducation. Human-beings have already concurrent teachers, and the educationshows better purposive, and organizational. The education has two steps. Thefirst is called elementary education, in which mainly aimed to train person'sgaining mature spirit, highly self-control ability and dedicated will. Religiousgroup undertook this duty. The second step is called "adult education," in whichmainly aimed to cultivate witches, overseers of sacrifices, shamans andcraftsmen. The method of education is in individual way. The medium ofeducation is "talking and acting teaching" in the Iroquois society,...