| The comings of knowledge economy and informational society require a person should possess the abilities of learning to study ,learning to cooperate , learning to do things and learning to live, require teachers should change their authoritive roles of passing on knowledge into helping students to discover, organize and manage knowledge, and also require teachers should possess the abilities of self-studying, interpersonal association, educating and teaching and soon. But, nowadays the teaching of our national normal schools with shoulder the double tasks of training the students "to be a person'' and '"to be a teacher" mainly play a role of explaining and passing on the knowledge. They seldom let students gain the knowledge by activities and participating in of their own, and they seldom depend on activities to let students look up materials and discuss in groups. So they ignore to develop the ability of teaching practice. No matter from the point of view "to be a person" or "to be a teacher", these students can not meet the requirements of the society development. So the author has been carrying on the experiment which is called "exchange the roles between teachers and students" and attempts not only to raise students' achievements and interests for studying but also to improve the relationships between students and that between students and teachers, and then train the students to develop the ability of voluntary studying and the skill of basic teaching.The teaching method of "exchanging the roles between teachers and students" adopts the theory of exchanging the characters. Under the teachers guide, the students act as the teachers and stand in front of the teachers' desks. Thus they change studying into teaching, learn from teaching and combine teaching and studying together. Concretely speaking, using the present textbooks as basic carriers, and on the basic of the students' practice study and cooperative discussion, let students act as teachers, make good use of class time, and explain the given texts to their classmates, with the help of teachers' enlightening and guide. Carrying out this method is made up by two parts: the students' activity before class and the activity in class. The students' activity before class includes three chains: the students study independently, every group study together and students make teaching plan individually. The activityin class includes four chains: students explain, the class discuss together, teachers explain accurately and students and teachers give comments together.This paper is an experimental study about 72 students of Shan Dong Grade Three in Lin Yi Normal School with experiment, interview, statistic analysis and logical analysis. Two classes whose level are almost the same are looked as experiment class and control class separately by an exam. The students in the experiment class are divided into 9 groups according to their marks and sexes respectively, and in each group there are 4 students. In the experiment class and in the control class, we adopt the teaching method of "exchanging the roles between teachers and students" and the traditional teaching method. The studying environment, teachers, teaching contents and classes' time are the same between two classes.After doing the teaching experiment for a whole term, I studied and analyzed two classes, and then got the following results:1. The teaching method of "exchanging the roles between teachers and students" can extraordinarily raise the interests and achievements of the students. This teaching method lays stress on the students' voluntarily participating in and responsibility. It can arouse students' learning motive and improve their enthusiasm. So the number of the students who like or like Biology very much is up to 94.4%, and the number of students who dislike it is 0. The percent of which how many students pass the test and of which how many students are excellent and also the average marks of the experiment class are obviously higher than the control class.2. The... |
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