Sino-us Primary And Secondary School Teacher Qualification System Is A Comparative Study

Teachers' qualities is the lifeline which the school education survives and develops, the primary and secondary teacher qualification system is the essential method which the teachers'qualities can be guaranteed. Therefore, it is meaningful to establish a scientific, reasonable and effective teacher qualification system. Nowadays, teacher occupation in many countries tends to be specialized. In order to comply with the trends in the world and meet the needs of the development of the social economy as well as education, in the actual condition of the popularization of compulsory education and higher education, our country starts from to pursue in the teacher quantity to transfer to the teacher quality. These have provided the premise and the foundation for our country teacher qualification system's establishment. But the primary and secondary teacher qualification system has certain effectiveness, it needs to be reformed along with the development of the society and the education. Our country's teacher qualification system has been exsited for several years from its statement to the present. During these years, our country's economy is carrying on the high speed of reform and development. In order to comply with the demand of the development, education, especially the elementary education has to develop and transform constantly. So the primary and secondary teacher qualification system which was made initially is not fit any more, it should be revised timely to adapt to the requests which are proposed by our society.The American teacher qualification system is the earliest one in the world, it's nearly perfect after some reforms. So the article briefly introduced the American and the Chinese teacher qualification system from longitude to grasp their development, then contrast them and analyse their similarities and differences, try to find our system's deficiency. Obtain the enlightenment from the American teacher qualification system and combine our country's actual situation to try to give some advice to improve ours.The article is divided into five parts:The first part of this article elaborates the background of the topic and the research significance, lists the research methods, such as literature method,historical research and comparative analysis; analyses the researches about the primary and secondary teacher qualification system at home and abroad; summarizes the possible innovation of this paper; lists the theoretical basises which are related to the primary and secondary teacher qualification system, they are teacher professionalization the reform of teacher education and lifelong education, makes the defined concepts as qualification professional qualification,teacher qualification and teacher qualification system. To explain the intention of the paper through the above items. The second part of the article outlines the American teacher qualification system's development process. According to the teacher qualification standards, this article divides the development of the American teacher qualification system into the following phases:the early stage of the primary and secondary teacher qualification system (the colonial period to the end of the 18th century), the primary and secondary teacher qualification system established phase (the end of the 18th century to the mid-19th century), the round development stage of the primary and secondary teacher qualification system (the mid-19th century to the 1980s), the reform period of the primary and secondary teacher qualification system (since the 1980s), that is, from its establishment to the development and to its reform, to clarify its development veins.The third part elaborates the establishment transition and the comprehensive implementation of the primary and secondary teacher qualification system in China, this division is mainly based on the periods of state education laws and regulations. From the proposal on teacher qualification in the "The People's Republic of China Compulsory Education Law" in 1986; to the promulgation of the "Teacher Certification Regulations" in 1995, it represented the establishment of the primary and secondary teacher qualification system; then the "qualifying teachers transitional measures" introduced; followed by "the notification of teacher qualification Pilot Work in some areas" which was published by the Ministry of Education in 1998; "the proposals of issues about the identification of the first qualification of teachers" was issued until 2001, and began a nationwide appraisal of teacher qualification, and the primary and secondary teacher qualification system can be implemented comprehensively.The fourth part of the paper makes a detailed comparative analysis of the contents of the primary and secondary teacher qualification systems between China and the America, makes comparisons among their teacher identification conditions, identification methods, identification procedures and agencies, the types and the managements of the teacher certifications, draws their own advantages and disadvantages, refers the American primary and secondary teacher qualification system as the reference object, we can absorb its essences and abandon its dross, to make up for the omissions in the primary and secondary teacher qualification system in our country.The last part of this paper is on the basis of the fourth section, combined with China's national co-nditions, obtain the enlightment from the America's teacher qualification system:Firstly, formulate the eligibility criterias for teachers strictly, to improve the teacher education requirements; secondly, establish the teacher certification test system scientifically, focus on the applicants'comprehensive quality evaluation; thirdly, normalize the teacher trial system, focus on the assessment of teaching practice; fourthly, refine the types of teacher certifications, create multi-level teacher qualification system; fifthly, establish teachers'professional bodies to make the primary and secondary teacher qualification system more professional and more scientific; sixthly, create teacher qualification' supporting systems and measures to ensure the primary and secondary teacher qualification system can be implemented smoothly.