Study Of The Survival Status Of National Rural Secondary School Teachers

Along with the social changes and the reformation and development of education in rural areas, the subsistence and development of teachers have become the focus of attention of society and education professionals. As it known to all, education is the country's future and teachers are the key to that. Therefore, the development of teachers has a direct influence on the improvement of teaching quality and even the sustainable development in ethnic minority areas. Besides teachers' subsistence are not only the natural wants but also the foundation of development. Hence this thesis focuses on the study of teachers at rural areas in the minority regions.This thesis carried out an ethnographic study on the living condition of rural teachers in the minority regions. The author regards NF School of Lancang County of Yunnan Province as the case of this thesis and makes an analysis of the related detailed materials which showed the living condition of teachers at this school, collected during the one-month field survey. In addition, combined with the theories and research methods of sociology and anthropology, Bourdieu's theory of structure and subjective initiative was employed as the paradigm to examine the living state of rural middle school teachers in social field. Finally, the author drew a conclusion form the vertical and horizontal comparison that teachers are inferior in social position, which not only has a bad impact on the full play of subjective initiative of teachers but also did harm to the all-round development of teachers and the enhancement of rural teaching quality in minority regions. The influences of the structure on the subsistence and development of teachers of rural middle school are mainly represented in the following aspects:Viewing from the field of country, teachers have suffered a lot, such as the shortage of resources, social security and facilities, bad working and living environments, serious separation problem, single male teachers cannot find a wife and the trouble for their children's education.To the field of school, the structural disequilibrium of school made the teachers played multiple roles, what's more, the faculty shortage led to a heavier workload which restricted teachers'specialization.In the case of field of culture, traditional cultural structure affected the local elementary education greatly, which has been displayed in many aspects, for example, the notion of impartiality caused the lack of courage for changing their destiny and motivation to participate in completion; the custom of early marriage and childbearing brought challenge to secondary education and the carried out of "Popularization of compulsory nine-year schooling"; lacking of common language created a barrier to mutual communication which restricted the sustainable development of education; without written language led to the backward education; and the backward educational concepts of people here made the absence of community support environment for education. At the meantime, all the influences above have impacted the subsistence of teachers directly and made teachers felt a weak sense of personal achievement and low social identity.From the perspective of the social position, teachers at the present stage are lowest, compared with the description and analysis of the social positions of teachers at three different stages. Reasons resulting in this situation including the poor welfare and incoming; the deviation of country's policy of integrating education and the policy of education serves rural areas; and etc.In the view of teachers'management system, the rigidity of the management system and the simplification of the evaluated system confined the room for teachers' subsistence and development. In addition, it cannot construct an effective excitation mechanism to accelerate the full play of teachers' subjective initiative.All in all, for the improvement of the living condition of teachers in rural middle school and the promotion of the full play of teachers' subjective initiative, the author put forward the following suggestions: implemented the educational management mode---"Provincial administration", guaranteed the legitimate expense of education funds, raised the salary and the welfare of teachers to narrow down the rural-urban gap, innovated the training pattern of teachers to promote the development of teachers'specialization in rural minority areas, perfected management system of teachers to give the full play of the subjective initiative of teachers in rural minority areas, and facilitated the rational flow of teachers to insure the benefits teacher's group.