Green Barriers On The Export Trade Of Agricultural Products In China

Like all the previous protectionism in the history, Green Trade Protectionism (GTP) was been created to serve the interest of the ruling makers. With WTO formed and world trade being liberalized, traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers (after tariffication) are required to be gradually removed within a specific period. This leads to the innovation of new types of trade barriers, among which Green Trade Barrier (GTB) is the most outstanding with a legal and sound excuse by protecting the human health and ecological environment. Green Trade Barriers refer to those non-tariff barriers that are used to reduce, prohibit or resist imports to protect domestic industries and domestic producers through a series of harsh standards and legal approaches based on the excuse above. They could be applied by the government or social organizations (such as associations) or even by consumer's resistance. Mostly, these barriers have a scientific base, thus are usually classified as Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs), which implies the technological competition among nations. With the technological advantages, developed countries are extremely creative and innovative in inventing and applying such barriers from end products in early years to the whole Production and Processing Methods (PPMs) at present. This has been unfavorably causing the developing nations to lose some of their traditional markets.It seems to be true that the prevailing and ramification of GTP has seriously affected the international trade pattern and attracted much attention at home and abroad. But literature shows that, up to date, GTP hasn't been formally and systematically investigated as a trade protection theory. Naturally, this becomes one of the major objectives of this dissertation. Theoretical analyses have given us some interesting information: First, different levels of standard have different impacts on the economic efficiency: the stricter the standards, the less the efficiency; the more advanced technology a nation (or a group) owns, the less impacts on it. Thus, changes in the levels of standard will generate the...