Study On Characteristics Of The Pollination And Fruit Development In Apricot

Apricot originating in China, is one of the long history planting trees. But the almond fruit-bearing rate is low, the low production and instability are the main factors influence almond fertility. How to improve the almond fruit-bearing rate is an acute problem. Low ratios in Viable flowers, big differences among pollen vitality, in- appropriation of pollination tree varieties are the important reasons lead to low fruit-bearing rate. Revealing the characteristics in developmental biology of apricot fruits and pollination, it can provide scientific basis to production and the seed-setting percentage. This experiment used 36 apricot varieties in the Weihe experiment stations of northwest A&F university as the research object .Through the determination of pollen vigor and hybrid affinity, it studied the characteristics in biology development of almond pollination systematically. Meanwhile, it determined and analyzed the longitudinal diameter, side and the transverse diameter in the different development stages of almond fruit, reveals changing laws of the shape indices of the almond fruit in the process of development The paper laid a theoretical foundation for improving fruit-bearing rate of the apricot and achieve high yield. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) In the process of the pollen germination of apricot in mediums, low in mediums can promote the pollen germination of knop, but high concentration of boric acid can suppresses the pollen germination. The suitable medium for the almond pollen:1% AGAR + 10% sucrose +0.03% boric acid.(2) It divided the apricot pollen into three classes according to the pollen germination rate . High energy varieties (pollen germination rate > 70%),they are huanna,weixin,shiguan1hao,chunzhihong,zaoshuheiyexing,aozhoutianxing,aketuoyong,shajinhong,luotuohuang,guoren. Higher energy class (pollen germination rate is from30to70percent)theyarezaoshuhuanna,Gongfoxing,Youren,Fengren,Jidanxing,Pinaizi.Low energyclass(pollengerminationrate<30%),theyaresulian4hao,Kuchetuoyong,Yinxiangbai,Zhengkui,Akeyageleke,Caopixing,Chaoren,Ribenxing,Weihou,Zixing,Daguoxing,Cuheiyexing,Konglongdan,Weidi. Pollen germination rate of Konglongdan And Weidi all is 0, cannot serve as pollination tree application(3)There are significant differences among fruit-bearing rate according to different pollination combination in apricots. Among them, The combinations of higher fruit-bearing rate are sulian4hao x FengRen, Soviet union 4 x Saimaiti, Soviet 4 x Guoren , Soviet 4 x Konglongdan, Soviet union 4 x JD, fruit-bearing rate between 41.2 % ~ 75.8% ; The combinations of higher fruit-bearing rate are: Soviet 4 x daguoxing, weidi x Soviet 4, FengRen x Youren, Chaoren X Shajinhong, "Saimaiti X Soviet 4, Jintaiyang x Shajinhong, Chaoren X Youren, Yinxiangbai x ,Cuheiyexing hybrid fruit-bearing rate between 21.2% ~ 39.7%; The combinations of low Fruit-bearing rate: Weidi X Jidanxing, Weidi X Saimaiti, Weidi X Chuanzhihong, PiNaiZi x Huana, Huana x PiNaiZi, XIheiYeXing x Zhengkui, Konghongdan X Guoren, Konglongdanx Chuanzhihong, Konglongdan Xsaimaiti, Konglongdan X Jindanxing, Konglongdan X Soviet 4, hybrid fruit-bearing rate is between 2% ~ 12.3% .(4) The result of apricot observation of Fruits growth showed that for Zehnglui, Yingxiangbai, Pinaizi,Chuanzhihong, Guoren, Chaoren, Jintaiyang,Aozhoutianxing, Cuheiyexing,Saimaiti,the development of fruits both underwent" quick - slowly - fast - slow "growth process. Namely: from the beginning about 10d after Flowers falling, fruit get into the first apricot rapid growth period, this rapid growth continued to end this period can end at the 30d. After the first 30d, fruits get into first slow growth period, continue to the 40d. After entering the 40d, fruits get into the second fast growth period ,it continued to the first 60d. Then fruit development to enter the second slow growth period, until maturity. There is a connection between the 1st the slow growth and the nuclear, when the 2nd slow growth period is basically completed, it formed the signal of the beginning of physiology maturity.