| Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden) is a perennial herbaceous ornamental plant belongs to Anthurium, Araceae. The spathe is a main ornamental part. Anthurium has become one of the flagship product of Hainan cut and potted flowers now, However the color of the spathes bottom (ear part) turn green seasonally in Hainan island, this phenomenon is usually called "Green Ear", which seriously affect the quality and sales of anthurium. Using 'Dakota' as experimental materials to study the physiological characteristics of this phenomenon, and to explore the influence of nutrition supply on the spathe color. In order to find the improvement measures of "Green Ear" from aspect of nutrition supply. The main results are as follows:1The physiological cause of "Green Ear " of anthurium'Dakota' spatheThe changes of color and the related physiological factors of the spathes during the development in two periods (normal and green) were compared. The results showed that in green season, the color parameter α*in the ear part of spathe was significantly lower than that in normal season; The contents of total anthocyanin, total flavonoids, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and mineral element potassium were generally lower than normal; the chlorophyll content and PPO activity in early developmental stage were higher than normal. We speculated that the changes of the anthocyanin/chlorophyll content ratio directly caused the spathe turning green. While in the physiological level, the shortage of soluble protein and sugar hindered the anthocyanin synthesis. Meanwhile, due to the degradation activity of PPO, anthocyanin content decreased. Thus, spathes had to increase the synthetic amount of chlorophyll in order to supply the photosynthesis products, the green tone of spathe presented. And the accumulation of nitrogen in spathe was benefit for the chlorophyll synthesis.2Forms and ratio of N and concentration of N, Ca2+and sucrose which can improve the "Green Ear" phenomenonSelected the basic formula of N, P and K (N:P2O5:K2O=1:2.5:2.5) with the same N concentration and used different forms and ratio of N weekly. The changes of spathe color and pigments in different treatment were studied. The results showed that increased the ratio of NH4+-N can improve chromaticity α*and C*significantly. The highest chromaticity α*and C*was the treatment of50%NO3-N+50%NH4+-N, and it's total anthocyanin content was highest and the chlorophyll was lowest, so the treatment of50%NO3--N+50%NH4+-N was better for the the spathe emprovement.Selected the basic formula of N, P and K (N:P2O5:K2O=1:2.5:2.5) and the N source of NO3NH4, used the concentrations of0～0.25g·L-1N weekly. The changes of different concentrations of sucrose on physiological characteristics associated with spathe color were studied during four months. The results showed that N concentrations influenced chromaticity a*in the the ear part of spathe significantly, the treatment of concentrations of0～0.20g·L-1helped to improve a*, at the same time, the content of total anthocyanin and total flavonoids was higher, and the content of chlorophyll was lower. The average contents of chlorophyll in four months of check treatment was0.06mg·g-1Fw, which was the half of the treatment of0.25g·L-1, but if N concentration is too low, it would affect the plants growing. The experimental results showed that the nitrogen concentration of0.20g·L-1was more appropriate.Selected the basic formula of N, P and K (N:P2O5:K2O=1:2.5:2.5) and used concentrations of0～10mmol·L1Ca2+weekly. The changes of different concentrations of sucrose on physiological characteristics associated with spathe color was studied during four months. The results showed that the color parameter a*and C*in the ear part of spathe had been significantly improved, helped increas contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar and reduced the incidence of "Green Ear" after treatment of Ca2+. From October to December, treatment of Ca2+can improve total anthocyanin significantly and the reduced the chlorophyll content. Took all the physiological indices into consideration, it showed that the treatment of8～10mmol·L-1Ca2+had the best effects for the spathe color emprovement.Selected the basic formula of N, P and K (N:P2O5:K2O=1:2.5:2.5) and used concentrations of0～0.25mol·L-1sucrose weekly. The changes of different concentrations of sucrose on physiological characteristics associated with spathe color was studied during four months. The results showed that the color parameter a*and C*in the ear part of spathe had been effectively improved, the contents of total anthocyanin, total flavonoids, soluble protein and soluble sugar increased, the incidence of "Green Ear" and the content of chlorophyll reduced after treatment of the sucrose. Took all the physiological indices into consideration, it showed that the treatment of0.05mol·L-1sucrose in August to late September and the treatment of0.15mol·L-1sucrose in mid-September to the end of December had the best effects for the spathe color emprovement. |
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