"fact" And "actually" Multi-angle Studies

Shishishang(事实上)and Shijishang(实际上)is commonly used in modern Chinese, and the two adverbs have obvious discourse markers' function. But such two unique function words has not yet been studied. In this paper, on the basis of existing research, related to modern Chinese adverbs Shishishang and Shijishang as the research object, take Shishishang and Shijishang's syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and two words' grammaticalization process and mechanism as specific research contents, and carry on the synchronic and diachronic multi-angle investigation. Full text mainly includes five parts.The part of Introduction has been sketched studying on the general situation and the problems of adverbs and Shishishang. Shijishang. And illustrates several theoretical issues which relate to this paper.ChapterⅠShishishang and Shijishang's syntactic investigationThis part appleys adverbs theory to describe and analyse Shishishang and Shijishang's syntactic position, and the co-occurrence laparoscope situation with other adverbs. Adverbs Shishishang and Shijishang has flexible syntactic position, generally speaking, they cannot independent put a sentence together. When they construe with other adverbs, they usually locate at the forefront of co-occurrence sequence.ChapterⅡShishishang and Shijishang's semantic investigation.At the basis of referring to other ones' construction and study, this part cards and suns up the basic semantic and grammatical meaning of the two words. Based on this, this part also analyses the semantic structure, and respectively concludes three semantic mode types.ChapterⅢShishishang and Shijishang's pragmatic investigationThis chapter using pragmatics theory, investigates Shishishang and Shijishang's pragmatic functions. Draw two words have tone expressive functions and subjective expression function; In the information function, they have functions as focus protruding and reverse presupposition; In textual function, they have textual cohesion and semantic coherence function.ChapterⅣShishishang and Shijishang's diachronic evolution investigationUsing grammaticalization theory, separately inspects Shishishang and Shijishang's vocabulary grammaticalization process and mechanism from the nominal positional phrases to adverbs. Although this two words have emerged in different time, but they all have entered their evolutionary change period in qing, besides this, in their evolutionary process, old form always coexists with new form. The main actuation mechanism which inducing the grammaticalization are three:structure, generalization of the meaning and contextual absorption.