Zhang Xuemen's Ideology Research On Preschool Normal Education

Zhang Xuemen(1891—1973) who was born in Yinxian Zhejiang Provinee,was our modern well-konw early childhood educator. In the early thirties,he and Chen Heqin who our country another well-konw early childhood educator were called"Sorth Chen and North Zhang". Zhang Xuemen across the mainland and taiwan for our country. From 1920 until his death, he had been on practical exploration and theoretical reflections for preschool normal education, and formed rich and precious preschool normal education ideology. This paper has more comprehensive and in-depth research by using documentary method and historical method. This paper thinks that Zhang Xuemen's preschool normal education ideology generated under those background: salvaging the country's social background, the decline of traditional education, the impact of foreign schools, the rise of modern education and development of normal education. Tao Xingzhi's education ideology, Dewey's pragmatism education thought, Froebel's education thought and Montessori's education thought were important theoretical basis . Zhang Xuemen's study experience especially his rich practice of preschool normal education provided important practical foundation. This paper thinks Zhang Xuemen's preschool normal education ideology which education concepts was national reconstruction and action center. In Zhang Xuemen's opinion, preschool normal educational training objectives included three aspects: personality, social responsibility and knowledge . With the time and specific conditions change, Zhang Xuemen designed preschool normal education curricula at different times that essence is same but specific content is different . Zhang Xuemen's practice education thought was particularly valuable. He creatively constructed a complete and orderly practice system which is visiting , internship, trying to teach and coaching. And he put forward very concrete and operational measures. About preschool normal education teaching organizational form, Zhang Xuemen put forward and implemented half Dalton laboratory plan and Monitorial system on the basis of specific conditions. Zhang Xuemen's preschool normal education ideology that historical progress mainly is: promoted the development of our country's preschool normal education, pay attention to practice teaching and emphasized to cultivate normal students' moral character,etc. Its historical limitations is too much emphasis on action center, but to some extent he ignored normal students in learning the systematic basic theoretical knowledge. This as a reference, we think, moral education is first to reform and develope preschool normal education ,and we should strengthen moral education of normal students; Pay attention to practice teaching and arrange scientific internship and practice; Enhance in-service education and push on integration of pre-vocational education and vocational continuing education for preschool teacher; Multi-level train preschool normal students and satisfy the actual needs of society.