On China's Policy Of Distant-Water Fishery

This paper mainly analysis the distant-water fishery management system, including the fishery management system on high seas and several country's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). It also analysis the current situation and existing problems that we faced. Then this paper mainly introduces the policy of China's distant-water fishery management, analysis the existing problems of China's distant-water fishery policy. Finally, by learning distant-water fishery policy from partial countries or regions, it puts forward several proposals to develop China's distant-water fishery.In 1985, the first distant-water fishing fleet went to Westen Africa, which unveiled the prelude of distant-water fishery of China. China's distant-water fishery is roughly divided into two categories. One is high seas fishery in the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, mainly fishing tuna, squid, Trachurus, Patagonian Toothfish and so on. The other is EEZ fishing in more than 30 countries'EEZ.Chinese government pays high attention to its distant-water fishery, it has developed a series of support policies. With the support of these policies, China's distant-water fishery developed rapidly. At present, China has become a big country on distant-water fishery, which made great contribution to domestic economic development. But with the impact of domestic and foreign environment in recent years, China faced a big dilemma in the development of its distant water, such as the increasing cost in fishing, the increasing difficulties in access, the weak competitive power of distant-water enterprise, the need of improving management system and big ascending space in the aspect of process and cooperation with other countries or regions.The distant-water fishery is an important direction for Chinese fishery. The international community has formed a race situation on high seas fisheries resources. It is essential for us to take a positive attitude to face this situation and develop China's distant-water fishery. The distant-water fishery helped to develop non-governmental diplomacy, promote and develop economic transations and relationships among developing countries. Since the distant-water fishery is an important component of Chinese"Going-out"strategy, developing distant-water fishery is very meaningful for China. Driven by the wise policy of government, China's distant-water fishery developed quickly. The State Council proposed to greatly develop distant-water fishery in 1983. In 1989, it listed the distant-water fishery as the key support industry. In 1996, it developed a policy for distant-water fishery enterprises, which affiliated to the ministry of agriculture, that exempting from business income tax in 1994 and 1995. In 1997, the State Council proposed"science and education begins fishing"strategy to develop China's distant-water fishery, taking the distant-water fishery as a big industry and carrying on the key development in a planned way. The State Council also took the distant-water fishery as an important area of implementing sustainable development strategy, exempting from the importation value added tax of partial distant-water enterprises fishing facilities tentatively and taxes on special agricultural products. In 2000, it proposed"Benefit First"as the new direction of distant-water fishery development. In 2007, it printed"Long-term Fishery Science and Technology Development Program (2006-2020)". In the Communist Party of China Central Committee of the 17th session of the third plenary meeting in 2008, it passed"the Central Committee of the CCP about Advances Rural reform To develop Certain Major issue Decision"and"the Central Committee of the CCP about serveral suggestions on promoting Agricultural Stable Development and Continuously Increasing of Peasants' Income", it also proposed greatly support and expand distant-water fishery. Chinese distant-water fishery policy is mainly including: (1) Preferential Tariffs Policies;(2) Enterprise Income Tax Preferential Polices;(3) Subsidy Program;(4)Scientific Research Policies;(5)Fishery Mutual Insurance Policies. Due to a variety of reasons, Chinese policies of distant-water fishery management exist some problems, which mainly characterized by the limitation on policy support, the unreasonable policy structure and poor enforcement of policy.The distant-water fishery is very advanced in European Union, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province, which is associated with the distant-water fishery policy in these countries or regions. This paper introduces the distant-water policy of European Union, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province. On this basis, it carries on integrated analysis. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on developing China's distant-water fishery policy, which mainly including: (1) Adjusting Chinese policy structure; (2) Strengthening support on developing distant-water fishery; (3) Cultivating leading enterprises of distant-water fishery; (4) Developing new fishing ground actively; (5) Emphasis on education; (6) Strengthening the government impact in the distant-water fishery;(7) Improving distant-water fishery management system.