| China is an agricultural country,fishery plays a vital role in the national economy.Fishery production organization is formed by fishery producers under the specific historical conditions and aims to improve production efficiency through investment,production process and output.As the productivity in each economic stage is different,the form of the fishery production organizations are also various.Fishery production organization form is the embodiment of the fishery productive relations,reasonable fishery production organization is the key to improve the efficiency of fishery industry.The rapid development of Chinese fishery,cannot leave without the change of forms of fisheries production organization.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,fishery production organization has experienced various forms from,elementary and advanced cooperatives,people's communes to family contract responsibility system.At the beginning of the founding of PRC,fishermen joined the mutual-aid groups voluntarily.The elementary and advanced cooperatives had a moderate scale.The farmers'collective action increased fishery production efficiency greatly.In the people's commune period,the voluntary principle was violated,the scale had a explosive growth,thus eventually it led to the low efficiency of fishery production.In 1978,the implementation of the household contract responsibility system had restored the management right should be owned by the individual which had dramatically raised the interest and enthusiasm of fishermen on production,and obtained the rapid development of fishery economy.However,since the mid-1990s,the family contract responsibility system had some problem like the contradiction between small-scale farmers and the big market.Scattered family production mode is difficult to meet the needs of modern market economy,and the modern fishery professional cooperatives occurs at this moment.This research concludes various changes of the forms of fishery production organization since the founding of our country,and its influence on fishery economy growth,in addition,it specifically studies on modern fishery cooperatives.Based on field investigation of 103 fish farmers from Ganlu black carp professional cooperatives in Wuxi in Jiangsu province,the paper uses non-parametric DEA Malmquist index method to estimate the production efficiency and finds out that the cooperative's efficiency is greatly improved by increasing the degree of systematism and reducing external market transaction cost.As a new organizational form,fishery cooperation organization adapt to the development of fisheries productivity in this period,but the number of fishermen who join the fishery cooperation organization is very limited.Therefore,the binary Logit model is used to analyze major restrictive factors which are influencing the fish farmers to join the cooperatives based on the data of 96 households in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.Results show that education,familiarity about cooperatives,aquaculture history and culture area,vocational training and government guidance are the key factors influencing the farmers to participate in fishery professional cooperatives;And the influence of age,gender,labor force,culture mode and government subsidies were not significant.By conducting a relatively complete quantitative analysis in Jiangsu and Guangxi for a long time,the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to further promote the development of fishery production organizations:1)the government actively guide the establishment and development of the fishery cooperatives the government should increase the farmers' human capital investment;.2)to carry out the farmers vocational education actively,improve the education level of the farmers;3)to strengthen people-to-people exchanges and communication;4)."large aquaculture households" should be encouraged to take the lead in establishing professional cooperatives,thus improve the motivation and participation enthusiasm of peripheral fishermen. |
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