Research And Application Of Cationic Surfactant As Plastic Antistatic Agent Chemical Technology

In this paper, how to generate the static electricity and how to be eliminated in theplactics were introduced. The technological development of plastic antistaticelectricity agent was reviewed. The characteristic and research developments ofantistatic agent were discussed. Dodecyl methyl dilydroxyethyl ammonium broide(DBMAC) and Octadecyl methy dihydroxyethul ammonium broide (OMDAB)antistatic agents used in PP were prepared. The influences of prepared compounds onantistatic property, crystallization behavior and stability of PP were investigated. Theeffects of the antistatic agents upon antistatic property of PE, ABS, PS were studied.The two types of antistatic complex-systems–DBMAC and Betaine, OMDAB andBetaine were prepared. The antistatic property of PP was studied based on thecomplex-systems.Two kinds of surfactant-DBMAC and OMDAB were synthesized. The resultsshowed that transformation rate of DBMAC is about95.4%and OMDAB is about98.7%. The thermal property of synthetic products were studied by thethermogravimetric analysis (TG).The results showed that the initial exothermictemperatures of DBMAC, OMDAB were all greater than240℃and more than themolding temperatures of PE,PP,PS,ABS. It implied that the antistatic property did notbe weakened by the thermal decomposition of antistatic agent. They had highmoisture absorption and could reach equilibrium saturation in4hours later.. When15wt%of OMDAB was added into PE, the master batch–OMDAB/PEwas prepared. The surface resistivity of PP was1016. The result indicated that whenadding14wt%of the master batch into PP（OMDBA of2.1wt%）, the surface resistivity of blends decreased to1.20×1011in7days later. It droped down about5orders of magnitude compared with PP. OMDAB was used in PP in pouder materialform as antistatic agent. After adding0.3wt%of OMDAB into PP, the surfaceresistivity of blends decreased to1.05×1011in7days later. It had good antistaticdurability and launderability. When the humidity added10%extra or the ambienttemperature increased from10to30degree, the surface resistivity of blendsdecreased one order of magnitude. Crystallization behavior was explored by x-raydiffraction (XRD) and differentia scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found thatOMDAB did not change crystal structure of PP but reduced the rate of crystallization.TG showed that the exothermic temperature of PP decreased. The antistatic propertyof OMDAB in PE, ABS, PS sized appraisement value as PE>PS>ABS.DBMAC was used in PP in powder material form as antistatic agent. The resultturned out that when0.5wt%of DBMAC was added into PP, the blends reachedantistatic property in2days later. The surface resistivity of blends decreased to2.88×1012in7days later. It had good antistatic durability and launderability. Theantistatic property of DBMAC had little relation to relative humidity. The surfaceresistivity of blends decreased with temperature increasing. Crystallization behaviorwas explored by XRD and DSC. DBMAC did not change crystal structure of PP butreduced crystallinity. TG showed that the exothermic temperature of PP decreased. Itmade the characteristic temperature of PP move toward low temperature.Theantistatic property of DBMAC in PE, ABS, PS sized appraisement value as PE> ABS>PSThe effects of complex antistatic agents were studied. The systems selectedBetaine as the major antistatic agent and the two objective products as theco-operative antistatic agent respectively. The result showed that Betaine/OMDABmixed systems made the blends decrease to5.62×1010. Betaine/DBMAC mixedsystems made the blends decrease to7.08×1010.