Study On The Precise Planter With No-tillage Subsoil And Whole Layer Fertilization

Seeding machine is an important part of agricultural machinery, its quality directly affect the output of crops and the cost of agricultural products, so the development of high quality seeding machine is the urgent requirement of modern agriculture. Although it had already realize mechanization planting in most regions of China, but the current operation quality can’t meet the requirements of prolific, particularly in no-till area where yield two crops a year. Fertilization backward in technology and low utilization rate is also need to solve in agricultural machinery.In Haihe Plain (Hebei Province), the farming model have been implemented in high yield region tow crops a year area is that , no-tillage maize and rotary tillage soil preparation before wheat sowing. Because rotary tillage depth is not enough, spongy topsoil is shallow,and formed hard plough ground floor. This is a serious impact on the deep-rooted crops, such as corn plant. Therefore, to meet the requirements of corn’s growth, subsoiling and whole layer fertilization are the effective measures. Subsoiling can break the plow pan and increase permeability and water storage capacity of soil; whole layer fertilization can apply fertilizer into soil between10cm-25cm under the surface by one-time, it can ensure the nutrition of whole corn‘s growth period without extra fertilizer, increase the using rate of fertilizer.Subsoiling and whole layer fertilization technology provide a good environment to the growth of maize and have a good effect on production increasing.In view of the above problem, this paper studies on the precise planter with no-tillage subsoil and whole layer fertilization. The planter is made up of chassis,subsoiling shovel, adjustable whole layer fertilization, Four-bar-mechanism with profile modeling, disc opener of the planter, seeder unit, press wheel, seed box and fertilizercan. The main innovative features of the equipment, as follows:1、The innovative development of the precise planter with no-tillage subsoil and whole layer fertilization, once subsoiling, the whole layer of fertilization, precision sowing, repression, and many other operations, which had the ability to enhance soil water storage, improved fertilizer use rate and increased the role of food production. By the authority checking for new, this was pioneer at home and abroad. The achievements were identified as the international advanced.2、Innovation and development whole layer fertilization with tilting shovel blade trenching shovel, and got the national patent (patent number: ZL201020675281.8). The whole layer of fertilization trenching shovel reduced the working resistance and surface clods for creating the conditions to improve planting quality.3、Innovative adjustable whole layer fertilization was developed, and got the national patent (patent number: ZL201120098253.9). The adjustable whole layer fertilization could be a one-time fertilizer was applied within a certain depth range of the vertical plane below the surface, and could be controlled according to the requirements of the different depths of fertilizer distribution, the supply of the crop growing season required nutrient.After the completion of the trial-manufacture, we experiment it in the field for two consecutive years 2010, 2011. Experiments show that the various elements are better than national standards. And this machine is in the international advanced position. Compared with the existing planter, the subsoiling furrowing blade and adjustable whole layer fertilization greatly improved the efficiency of labor and fertilizer utilization, reduced the input of labor and fertilizer pollution, and protected the environment, which contributed to increase production of agriculture.