Response Of Ginger Cultivation To NPK Level Of Organic Substrate

This paper used ‘Laiwu big ginger’ for experimental material, researched the relationbetween organic substrate cultivation and physiological characteristics growth, yield, qualityand absorption and utilization of N, P and K in ginger, which cultivated with organic substratecultivation without fertilization （T1）, organic substrate cultivation with equivalent fertilizationto soil （T2） and fertilization according to the target production （T3）, compared withconventional soil cultivation without fertilization （CK1） and conventional soil cultivation（CK2）. The main results were as follow:1. Organic substrate cultivation significantly slow down the ginger plant senescence, thephotosynthetic pigment content, root activity and the protection enzyme activitiessignificantly increased. When the ginger was harvested, compared T2, T3with CK2, leaf netphotosynthetic rate increased10.73%and6.96%, root activity increased31.25%and23.75%.2. Organic substrate cultivation had a significant role in the growth of ginger. Biomassesof ginger plant was ranked as T2, T3higher, T1lower and CK2in the middle. The plantheight of T2, T3were higher than that of CK2by13.56%,5.23%; The branch number, leaves,roots and rhizome fresh weight of T2and T3were higher and significantly than that of CK2.The fresh weight of rhizome and roots of T2, T3were higher than CK2by18.19%,9.40%and5.37%,4.12%.3. Applying appropriate amount of available fertilizer to organic substrate could improvefertilizer efficiency and production capacity of ginger. The utilization rate of N, P₂O₅and K2Oin T3were at their highest levels with35.11%,22.81%and46.25%, increased26.31%,19.03%and47.91%higher than that of CK2, respectively; Meanwhile the utilization rate of Nand K₂O of T3were also significant higher than that of T2, however, their utilization of P2O5had no significant difference. The ginger agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivityof T3, which is respectively to14.46kg·kg^-1,45.34kg·kg^-1. While that of T2and CK2wereonly10.26kg·kg^-1,30.86kg·kg^-1and11.25kg·kg^-1,26.75kg·kg^-1respectively.4. Physical and Chemical Properties of organic soil significantly superior to field soil,which had a significant on the yield and quality. Compared with CK2the biological yield andeconomical yield of T1decreased27.63%and23.01%, respectively, while that of T2and T3 increased by17.46%,15.36%and11.05%,13.04%, as for the biological yield of T2wassignificantly higher than T3, but the economical yield had no significant difference. Thecontent of volatile oil and gingerol of organic substrate cultivation was higher especially in T2.However, there were no significant difference in soluble sugar and protein between T2andT3.5. Applying appropriate amount of available fertilizer to organic substrate could improvesoil enzyme activity、soil nutrient and increase microorganism amount. The activity of soilurease, sucrase and CAT of T2, T3were higher than CK2by7.22%,23.26%,16.56%and9.81%,15.81%,11.08%, respectively on Oct..