Human Liberation From Reality

Professor Zhang Yibing said,“Marx is not a Marxist inherently. As a living person,he also had his own fiery youth, and experienced the growth process. It is the samewith his ideas.(1)” In this regard, he is opposed to the kind of theory which dividesMarx’ theory into two mutually exclusive parts: the early Marx and the late Marx.There is a process of change and development in the Marx’s understanding ofhuman, and this thesis attempts to show the process. In Marx’s PHD thesis On thedifference between Democritus’ natural philosophy and Epicurus’ naturalphilosophy,human in reality is subjected to the god in the the spiritual sphere, sohuman oughts to restore the self-consciousness; in On the Jewish question, human inreality is splited and oughts to be is a species-being; in the Introduction of Critique ofHegel Philosophy of Law, human in reality is enslaved, oppressed, abandoned andheld in contempt and oughts to be the “highest essence”; in Economic andPhilosophical Manuscripts of1844, human in reality is alienated both in the field ofspiritual life and in the field of material life and should to own the free and consciousessentiality; in Thesis On Feuerbach, the essence of human is the ensemble of thesocial relations; in German Ideology, as a objective existence, human is among nature,society, history. It can be seen that the ideological content changes as Marx waswriting in chronological order. Just for these works, the process of change is veryobvious, but it is understandable and do not leave a complete break. In this process,Marx sublate Youthful Hegel School’s self-awareness, Feuerbach’ s sensate man andthe national economics’s economic man. These are the main theoretical sources ofMarx’s thinking about human.The above process of change links on one issue: What is the reality of humanexistence? Marx always thinks about human from the angle of reality, and thedevelopment of Marx’s thought about human directly comes from Marx’s deepeningof understanding of reality. It is also the clues in which this article attempts to expound Marx’s thought about human liberation. Marx insists the principle thathuman must achieve his value, meaning, dignity in real life. Insist on reality, Marxrejects any abstract holding of human.