Taian Dialect Custom Vocabulary Study

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857～1913), who is the founder of modern linguistics and the linguists in Swiss pointed that:"The national customs are often reflected in the language.On the other hand,it is the language that constitutes the nation largely."The dialect as a national language of the local variant also reflects the national folk. Dialect is very close to folk.It is the high quality carrier of folk culture, and it’s also the medium of retained and inheritance culture. Folk customs as the sum of the long inheritance of human folk culture phenomenon such as rituals and beliefs, which is closed to dialect. Researching the relation of dialects and folklore often needs the help of words and phrases in dialect. Because they are the language elements which are the most sensitive to social life, most reflecting to culture and the most closed to folk activities in dialect area. Therefore studying the folk words and phrases for dialect is very important for Dialectology, folklore and folk Linguistics.The writing of this article is based on the folk words and phrases in Taian. I selected the appropriate of words on the basis of researching.The article focus on the language features and cultural connotations from vocabulary and grammar in linguistic point of view in Taian dialect folk words and phrases, in order to initiate comprehensive mining value of Taian dialect.The writing of this article is divided into six sections:Introduction of this paper describes the geographical location and humanistic profile in Taian firstly, and secondly, describing the present reaching situation on dialect words and expressing the definition of dialect words, the present reaching situation,and it’s trends,in order to arrive at significance study of Taian dialect words and expressions of folk which it rich the folk elements and makes up for the folk in language; finally, do simple description of research methods and writing of this article.Body of the first chapter classifies folk words and phrases in Taian dialect. This paper devides the folk words and phrases into social folk words and phrases, material folk words and phrases,spirit of folk words and phrases firstly, and then classifies the words and phrases respectively. Social folk words and phrases, material folk words and phrases take up a large proportion. Partial and Verb-object type compound words take up a large proportion.The second chapter is the quantity phrases. There has large numbers of phrases.They have features distinctive, so they be studied specially.All of the classifiers are monosyllables. And most of them express objects.Quantity phrases can combine with nouns,verbs and adjectives.The third chapter under the first two chapters gives an example of Taian dialect folk words in pronunciation, vocabulary and syntax and shows the main features. The Zhi,Zhuang and Zhang initials,Jing group initials have evolution in Taian dialect.Synonyms phenmenon is very popular.Folk words have strong ability of the combination in grammer.The fourth chapter is synchronous and diachronic comparisons for folk words and phrases in Taian dialect. During the synchronous comparison,we look for the differences between Taian dialect and Mandarin, and also have a brief description of the internal differences of dialect folk words and phrases in Taian.During the diachronic comparison reveals features of folk words and phrases that they are relative stability and changing constantly.The fifth chapter is the conclusion part, which not only summarises the main content of the preceding four chapters and has an explanation briefly,but also points out the shortcomings of this article.This article is based on the blank of folk words and phrases in Taian dialect.On the basis of much fieldwork,the author combined the written materials of Taian words and phrases,strive to be able to reflect the characteristics of the language systematically and directly.I hope that I am able to do a little contribution to the Taian words and phrases,and hope other persons who interested in researching the Taian words and phrases do deeper studing.