The Empirical Research On The Comparison Of Political Identity Between Urban And Rural Areas

All the time, the scholars think that the urban—rural dual structure is harmful to our society.The researches mainly focus on the objective differences between urban and rural districts caused by household registration system. The imbalance of resource allocation between urban and rural districts and the inequality of right between citizens and farmers are the prominent characteristic of the urban—rural dual structure. It is necessary to study the relationship between urban and rural areas, the feelings about the objective differences and the psychological influences to the political system. All in all, research on subjective psychology is helpful to forecast the social members’political behavior. Accordingly, we will bring forward measures to deal with the situation. Political identity provides this angle. It is the sense of belonging to the political system. Meantime, it is the important factor to the political system progress and the policy implement.By means of empirical investigation, we can know about the actuality of political identity.We try to utilize the theory of David Easton which classifies the layer of legitimacy, including community, institution and authorities.In the comparison of political identity to the community, both the citizens and the farmers show the high level of political identity.We can apply the theory of ecological range to explain the situation.On the layer of institution, the farmers show the higher level than the citizens’. The political identity to the institution be affected by the standardization and equity of institution.With the open policy, the construction of institution and the concepts about the people’s livelihood are beneficial to the political identity. After the satisfaction of material interest, the citizens have the higher expectation. The construction of institution lags behind the citizens’ expectation. On the layer of authorities, this article uses both the vertical and horizontal dimension. In the aspect of vertical dimension, the political identity level of the citizens isn’t different from that of the farmers. From central government to local ones, the political identity shows the trend of decline. But the reason for the trend is different for citizens and farmers. Actually, the level of political identity to the authorities is influenced by weigh of interest and mechanism of information communication. In the aspect of horizontal dimension, both the citizens and the farmers show the lower level of the political identity. Whether the department of congress or the judicial authorities. Political participation has an effect on the level of political identity. The three layer of political identity are dependent on each other.The one of community is the highest, the one of institution higher, the one of authorities lower.At last, according to the reason for identical and distinct level of political identity, this article summarizes the proposal to promote the level of political identity.There are four aspects:Firstly, market oriented economy augments the material base of political identity and fosters the psychological trait of democratic citizens. Secondly, the government should mould the political ideology and establish the transparent and democratic mechanism of information.Thirdly, with the respect to the policy about employment, insurance, medical treatment and the land usage, the authorities should eliminate the discrimination against the farmers. At last, we should improve the democratic institution on the basic layer to preserve the right of political participation.Balancing the development of rural and urban areas is an important aspect among the five coordination.In addition, it is the fundamental composition to distinguish between the citizen and farmer. Therefore, the increase of political identity concerns the construction of the harmonious society and the key point of reform, development and stability.