Study On Rural Construction From The Perspective Of Structure-agengcy

Since the new century,the rural construction led by the government and participated by the society has not achieved good results in general.The reason must be the intertwining of historical and practical factors.In order to analyze the difficulties and corresponding causes of rural construction clearly and concretely,ethnography study of anthropology is a better research method.Based on the three-year field survey,this study uses the theory of structure-agency and the perspective of the relationship between urban and rural areas,state and society,different levels of government,to elaborate and analyze the rural construction of Ludang Village in the middle of Jiangsu Province,especially the difficulties in it.In addition,this study also analyzes how the ethnic characteristics of Ludang Village,as a mixed village of Hui and Han people,are displayed in the context of rural construction.Based on the ethnographic investigation of this study,it is basically believed that the village construction is in multiple difficulties at present,and the reasons behind include the lack of willingness and ability of internal and external actors,the adverse factors in social structure and the cognitive blind areas in the interaction between actors and social structure.The atomized village without the cultural and organizational network of the power can not breed public consciousness and self-government consciousness of the villagers.The emptiness of the self-government of the villagers and the administration of the village committee promote each other,which makes the village committee and the villagers lack the initiative of rural construction.In spite of this,the village committee and the villagers still have behaviors that are conducive to the improvement of the rural situation in order to complete the tasks and make a fortune.In the context of current rural construction,the ethnic characters of Hui villagers have become the symbolic capital and mobilization force of the Two Committees of the village and Hui villagers to strive for the development resources,reflecting the instrumental characteristics of ethnicity,but Hui villagers and other villagers all have not been able to become the main body of rural construction.Why the key actors of rural construction(the Two Committees and the villagers)act weakly,there are structural reasons behind it,as well as agency factors of actors.The structural reasons mainly include the dual structure of urban and rural areas,the de-countryside culture from the dual structure,the pressure system and the formalistic governance ecology,the administrative and suspended village committee,and the automized and weakly self-governing rural society.The agency factors are mainly the lack of consciousness and abilities related to modernity literacy of the actors.There is a common problem of "whose rural construction" in rural construction,that is,the main position of villagers in rural construction has not been established,and the villagers in Ludang Village also have no right to speak and no subjectivity in rural construction.First of all,we should unconditionally admit that villagers are the main body of rural construction.Those actions which ignore the wishes and needs of villagers,forcibly change the mode of production and life of villagers,and even plunder villages through the collude of power and capital,should be stopped.Then,we need to empower the villagers with the help of external forces to help them to be independent.At last,we should respect the independent exploration of rural construction roads in different places.Ludang Village is surrounded by large-scale national projects.Although the emergence of large-scale state-owned construction enterprises is conducive to the modernity transformation of local villagers and villages,they fall into the conflict of ideas and interests in the interaction with rural communities,and even become the "fat meat" for villagers to take advantage of.Due to the weakness of self-organization in rural society,the state can’t implement the general project system in rural areas,and only can rely on the grass-roots government to adopt the special resource distribution mode,so as to form the power-interest network of the town government and the Two Committees to share the benefits;similarly,because the villagers can’t be organized to express their needs,the national resource input and rural needs can’t be organically combined.Although the social forces entrusted by the state to enter the countryside make up for the weakness of the government function to some extent,the traditional regulation concept of government and the existence of the dual management system toward social organizations lead to the insufficient development of the function of social organizations to assist the government.The managers in the commercial organization built by external capital had a strong will to act,but their ability to ride market economy was insufficient,especially the lack of integration of social capital and economic resources inside and outside the village,which leads to the danger of the business.The participation in rural construction of the commonweal organization founded by external intellectuals is mainly reflected in the education goal of cultivating the rural builders with the unity of knowledge and practice.However,the combination of the education goal and the management mode mainly based on student autonomy is not high,which makes the students’ daily life more like a personal practice far away from the crowd.In addition,there is little connection between the commonweal organization and the village.The students’ projects which were implemented in the village failed to go deep into the texture of the village and meet the needs of the village.Both the commercial organization and the commonweal organization fail to establish a long-term reciprocal relationship and emotional identity with the village.The author took the initiative to rescue the village history,but there are only some broken personal memories.The lack of collective memory is closely related to the lack of rural public space.The rescue of village history has not been fully coordinated by the Two Committees of the village and the villagers,which is related to their limited awareness of the value of village history,and also to the lack of the habit of preserving historical materials of the village influenced by the not very long history.There are also some value blind areas in the actions of various actors in various degrees in the rural construction of Ludang Village.First of all,it did not adhere to the principle of rural construction that respects the totality and subjectivity of the countryside;secondly,it failed to establish consensus regions and mutual benefit mechanism among different actors;thirdly,it failed to strengthen the cooperation among actors to improve the transformative power toward the structure;finally,it did not pay attention to the reconstruction of rural community and cultivate the community consciousness of the villagers.This study has a certain case study value in discriminating the obstacles in rural construction,how to construct the balanced relationship between the state and society,the city and the countryside,and different levels of government,and how to improve the modernity literacy of rural construction participants.This study focuses on the analysis of the difficulties in rural construction,but also does not ignore the existence of hope,which has certain enlightenment significance in exploring the modernization path of China,realizing social equality,buffering the negative sides of industrial civilization,and concerning for the ultimate future of human beings.