Study On Multi-Evaluation Subject Under The Background Of Developmental Academic Evaluation

The most critical core element of the academic evaluation is evaluation subject, which plays a pivotal role in the proposition of evaluation aims, the choice of objects, the design of evaluation tasks, the use of evaluation tools, the handling of evaluation results, and even the process of proposing and amending the whole evaluation program. The evaluation of academic evaluation inevitably leads to the change of evaluation subjects which determines the success or failure of the evaluation, and in China, the new curriculum reform proposes the so-called developmental academic assessment which is improved by studies on multi-evaluation subjects. The author works out this study by the following three questions around the multi-evaluation subject:1) Why the evaluation subject should be diversified?2) What should be done to diversify the evaluation subject?3) How to ensure to achieve it? Above these three issues, the first one is about premise issue, the second one is about ontological issue, and the third one is about strategic issue. To answer these questions, the author has carried out the research as following aspects.1. Background Study on Multi-Evaluation Subject ReformBased on studies about the policy background of the multi-evaluation subject reform, a series of current education policy documents provides the direction and requirements for the reform. Based on researches about the implementation background of the multi-evaluation subject reform, there are some issues involved, such as the subjects’weak awareness of evaluation, the machinery ways of evaluation, the unsatisfactory results of evaluation, and so on. Based on researches about the theoretical background of the multi-evaluation subject reform, there is a shortage in studies on multi-evaluation subject, and that causes the lack of providing adequate theoretical supports for policy reform. Upon the three conditions mentioned above, the author has explored the starting point and goal of this research.2. Study on the Connotation and Features of Multi-Evaluation SubjectThe multi-evaluation subject refers to different structures which involved teachers, students, parents and the community according to different evaluation contents, in order to evaluate students’ learning improved in all aspects including the learning of knowledge and skills, process and methods, and attitude and values. And the main features of multi-evaluation subject are as following:diversity of value needs, multi-source of subject structures, multidimensionality of participative ways, flexibility of combinations, and harmonization of subjects’relationships.3. Study on the Combinations of Multi-Evaluation SubjectUnder the guidance of holistic, open and non-linear thinking, the author constructs two structures by using the method of system theory:one is macro-structure model, which based on the evaluation subjects and their relationships to; the other is micro-structure model, which consists of the concept layer, system layer, and operation layer. And the author concludes characteristics as following:the development of functional structure, the stability of network structure, the dynamic of structure relationship, the openness of information structure, and the hierarchy of system structure.4. Study on the Operating Mechanism of Multi-Evaluation SubjectThere are two parts of the operating mechanism of multi-evaluation subject, operating organization and system. According to the role of the operating organization, the operating mechanism can be divided into regulated and executing organization. Due to the time sequencing of evaluation activities, the operating mechanism can be divided into four aspects:the formulation of evaluation program, the collection of evaluation information, the feedback of evaluation information, and the using of evaluation information. All these above can provide supports for forming a dynamic structure, which is involving the mutual cooperation of multi-evaluation subject during the process of evaluation.5. Study on Support Conditions of Multi-Evaluation Subject OperationThis study builds the system of support conditions of multi-evaluation subject operation from three levels to enhance the literacy of evaluation subject, to set up the platform of evaluation network, to improve the construction of evaluation environment, and to promote the cultural and institutional innovations.In conclusion, this study, which based on the approach of systems thinking, constructs a macro-structure model consisted of three levels mentioned before and a micro-structure model which consisted of three layers mentioned before. The author builds the operating mechanism including the formulation of evaluation program, the collection of evaluation information, the feedback of evaluation information, and the using of evaluation information; and also proposes support conditions for multi-evaluation subject operation. All of these theoretical perspectives in this paper play an important role of promoting the studies of evaluation subject, enrich the theoretical results in the relative studies, and also have certain practical significance in both deepening the understanding of evaluation subject and guiding the subjects cooperation during the academic evaluation.