The Development Characteristics Of Young Children Standing Long Jump Movement And The Influence Of Target Guide

PurposeJump is the basic movement that young children need to learn and is an effective means to exercise. It is important to develop jump performance in nursery and primary school. Standing long jump is one of basic motor skills that young children need to develop and is the basis of jumping skills. In addition, it is a physical test in national fitness and health monitoring. Based on the perspective of kinematics, this study researched young children’s motor development characteristic in standing long jump and the effect of target guidance. This study aims at providing theory basis for teachers and parents how to teach specifically for young children of different ages and genders and providing a reference for teachers to design exercise so that young children’s standing long jump skills can be developed scientifically and effectively.MethodThis study selected 60 girls and boys in a first grade kindergarten in Beijing. Young children’s standing long jump movement was tested respectively under natural and target guidance conditions using the Optical motion capture system, Qualisys. The kinematics data were analysed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance in spss19.0。Results1. Under natural conditions boys’ standing long jump results are better than girls’ and there are significant differences. Besides, there are remarkable differences in gender in take-off angle.and there exist significant differences in landing angle and knee angle while both feet leave the ground. and marginally remarkable differences in ankle joint angle in taking-off time, extending scope of ankle and minimum angle of hip joint during the flight phase.2. Under natural conditions young children’s results of standing long jump have significant differences in ages. There are remarkable differences between 4.5,5.5 and 6.5 years old. There are significant differences for 4.5 and 5.5 years old in landing angle,elbow joint angle and shoulder joint in taking-off time. There are significant differences for 4.5 and 5.5 years old in hang time and landing and buffering time. There are remarkable differences for 5.5 and 6.5 years old in minimum angle of knee joint in flight phrase.3. Young children’s results of standing long jump under target guidance are better than results under natural conditions and there is a significant difference. There are remarkable differences in stretching time, ankle joint angle in taking-off time, take-off angle and minimum angle of hip joint in flight phrase under both target guidance and natural conditions.Conclusions1. Under natural conditions boys’results are better than girls’. Boys’taking-off and landing angle, extending scope, the degree of stretching and folding are all better than girls’. This shows that boys’motor development of standing long jump is better than girls’.2. In terms of age, along with the age growth, although children standing long jump results increased significantly, but 4.5-6.5 years old children standing long jump movement kinematics parameters of the vast majority did not change characteristics of regularity, at that age is not the main factors influencing the children standing long jump movement development level.3. Young children’s results of standing long jump are significantly improved under target guidance, manifested chiefly by smaller take-off and knee angle and hip joint angle in flight phrase, bigger ankle joint angle and longer stretching time. Thus, young children’s standing long jump is more reasonable under target guidance.