Right, Opportunity And The Intergenerational Succession Of Poor Peasants

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening-up in1978, impoverished peasants, particularly new-generation peasants, gained many rights and opportunities of getting rid of poverty and development. Some poor peasants realized out of poverty, while some others are still in a continuation of the inter-generational transmission of poverty. The right and opportunity were conceptualized into three dimensions:rights and opportunities of using infrastructure and resources, political and economic rights and opportunities, rights and opportunities of education and social security in this article. Set the example of J village, northern of Sichuan, and discuss the issue of intergenerational transmission of poverty combining the historical analysis of the village poverty.Viewed of the rights and opportunities of using the infrastructure and resources, since the reform and opening-up, the new-generation poor peasants in the J village gained the rights and opportunities brought by the land property right reform and the improvement of infrastructure conditions, like traffic, drinking water, irrigation, etc.A part of new-generation poor peasants grasped the rights and opportunities of using the infrastructure and resources and finally get out of poverty on account of taking their advantages of land, forest resources and personal capacities. On the contrary, due to the effect of disasters, disease and other factors, some new-generation peasants whose capability are not sufficient lost the rights and opportunities of developing, thus they stay in poverty.From the perspective of political and economic rights and opportunities, along with the China’s household registry system gradually reforming, part of the new-generation poor peasants in J village choose to migrant into town to hunt a job or initiate their own business in J village to change the situation of poverty. During this process, those new-generation peasants who master a certain technology, produce market-oriented products or get the government preferential policies accomplished out of poverty. Conversely, retain in the poverty. In addition, grassroots villagers’ autonomy and participatory poverty reduction are often subjected to government control, left it to stay in formality or slogan, and led to the new-generation poor peasants’right poverty in the end, which is not conducive for them to getting rid of poverty.In the respect of rights and opportunities of education and social security, compared with the old-generation poor peasants in J village, the new-generation poor peasants have higher educational level and work earnings. With stepping into the new century, the endowment insurance, medical insurance, security and agricultural subsidies etc. that the new-generation poor peasants are available are gradually implemented and consummated, which provide some support and guarantee for them to get out of poverty. However, China’s urban and rural public service have not yet achieved equalization and the existing security system still exists" vacuum" region which is not favorable for new-generation poor peasants to get rid of poverty.Through the discussion and analysis of the effect that the three dimensions of rights and opportunities on poor peasants in J village to get out of poverty, the thesis regards that the rights and opportunities which are not favorable for new-generation poor peasants to get rid of poverty gradually increase since the reform and opening-up policy, meanwhile, the capability of new-generation poor peasants is the core factor to affect them out of poverty.