Research On Mechanism Of Farmer Exiting From Rural Residential Lot

With the accelerated process of urbanization, it becomes a realistic choice for farmers toexit the homestead to get more assets by their increasing income and the willing of improvingliving environment. The capitalization of homestead resource becomes a trend. Secondly, inthe constraint of land protection policy, the demand of rapid urban construction land is a greatdriving force for rural homestead to release land resources potential. Unfortunately, the effectof rural homestead exit is not obvious due to the lack of homestead exit mechanisms in reality.The abnormal phenomenon of reduced rural depopulation in urbanization process vs.increased rural homestead appears. Inefficient use of rural homestead and idle homesteadproblem is seriously, in the same time, a large number of rural region become "emptyvillages" in the west. Therefore, how to guide the farmers to exit the homestead, how toreduce homestead number with population decline, and how to improve the efficiency of landuse in rural areas has become a problem to be studied urgently.Firstly, an overview of the domestic and foreign research which introduced the theory ofproperty rights, pricing, circulation, and remediation involved in the Homestead exit wasgiven. Secondly, the trend characteristics of the homestead system changes was summed upaccording to the evolution of the homestead management system since the founding ofinstitutional change, and by the angle of property rights changes and institution changes, theinherent laws of China’s homestead institutional change were analyzed. Based on the above,the author selects typical homestead of idle villages surrounding Yangling district to make amicro-empirical research of the willing of farmers homestead exit. It pointed the basiccharacteristics and the influencing factors of homestead exit, and the exit mechanismconstructed at the same time. Finally, policy suggestions were given from these aspectsthat management of land ownership, development of rural land and financial market, andimprovement of village management institutions. for policy recommendations. The mainconcrete conclusions are:(1) The right exit mechanism that suited the actual situation of the rural homestead is a set which involved farmers voluntarily, Government’s involvement, and market operation. Itneeded to build village-level management committee and Homestead exit remediation centersbased on the establishment of Group Residential Land transfer market; and needed to improvethe land financing system of the central, local and village groups; rural homesteadadministration and village organization management must be built well. At last, the link ofemployment and social security system between urban and villages must be seem as a core tobuilt rural homestead exit mechanism. The carrier system of Land flow, the pulling force ofpersonnel flow and capital flow, the security of the construction of social securitymanagement and marketing system, all of these were help to design the homestead exitmechanism.(2) Logit model was employed for an in-depth study to research the factors whichaffecting the farmers wishes when they exit homestead. It showed that the farmers willing hadnegative relationship with the age of household head, the work stability of household head,the proportion of unmarried men, the population, the dependence on the arable land,meanwhile, it had positive relationship with family per-capita income, homestead number,social security participation, and their policy cognizance.(3) There were imperfections in homestead management system, such as the initialacquirement of homestead, the protection of homestead land use, the disposal of homesteadand the loss of homestead. At the same time, there are some limitations in the implementationof the existing homestead management system, thus, causing farmers’ serious deviationsabout homestead management system According to the author’s investigation, there were88%of farmers believed that homestead were their individual belongs,58%of the farmers thoughthat the homestead cannot be transferred in the collective, and85%of the farmersconsidered that it shouldn’t withdraw rural households they inherited even if excessivenumber. Deviation between the awareness of farmers and the policy was large.(4) The main change of homestead system is mandatory institutional change since thefounding of our country. In this change process of the homestead system, social stability andthe improvement of homestead resource use efficiency is the main objective, the farmlandprotection and the improvement of rural living environment is the specific force. The right ofhomestead usage became more and more completed in the homestead system changes, andwith group homestead market perfection acting as a stage of the homestead system in thefuture change.