| Pistacia chinensis Bunge, known as Kai Wood, Kai Tree and etc., widelydistributed in our country, it is one kind of deciduous tree which belongs toAnacardiaceae, Pistacia L. The plants have strong adaptablility for its resistant todrought, salinity, poor soil. It is one kind of excellent green, ornamental, timber,medicinal and oil tree. Using Pistacia’s individuals which are grown in the Luoyang Tree Peony Square as research materials, this thesis studied its chromosome cytology,physiology characteristic, stomatal biological characteristics and photosyntheticcharacteristics for a preliminarily understanding of its biological characteristics. Theresults are as follows:1. The number of chromosomes and karyotype of Pistacia’s male and femaleindividuals from the cytology were studied comparatively，which preliminarily foundout Pistacia female and male chromosome number respectively were2n=30.Karyotype formula of female and male individuals both were2n=2x=22m+6sm+2st.The chromosome length ratio, karyotype asymmetry coefficient between female andmale individuals were not significant, and their karyotype both were2A type whichbelonged to more symmetrical karyotype.15chromosome between female and maleindividuals were different, in which a pair of15homologous chromosomes of femalemorphological difference were not obvious and brought with the same shape and sizesatellite body. A pair of15homologous chromosomes of male morphologicaldifference was obvious, which brought with the one large and one small satellite body.Thus, it inferred that15chromosome could be Pistacia’s sex chromosome.2. At different growth stages，the physiological indicators of two differentage(10years,40years) Pistacia’s male and female individuals were measured. Theresults are as followed:(1) On physiological indicators, the soluble sugar，solubleprotein，MDA content in leaves of female and male individuals at two kinds old ofPistacia existed differences，in which10-year-old were higher than the40-year-old， and there existed notable differences between male and female individuals of10-year-old，however，no significant difference in40-year-old. The soluble phenolic contentwas no significant seasonal variation, whether age or gender, the soluble phenoliccontent in leaves was constant.(2) On enzyme system indictors, the trend of ESTactivity changes was similar, and10-year-old was overall higher than the40-year-old.EST activity existed ignificant difference in leaves of female and male individuals atthe same age, and male was significantly higher than that of female. Changes of SOD,POD and CAT activity were obvious in different growth stages. SOD, POD and CATactivity were higher in June and July, and their activities of the10-year-old werehigher than that of the40-year-old.3. The stomatal biological characteristic of Pistacia’s male and femaleindividuals at different growth period was studied comparatively, the results are asfollowed: on leaf stomatal traits, stomata, length and width on leaves between10-year-old Pistacia’s male and female individuals were no significant difference, whileexisted significant difference in the40-year-old. Stomata density of female leaves wassignificantly higher than the male, however, stomata length and width were lowerthan the male.4. On photosynthetic characteristics, by the influence of itself physiologicalecology, seasonal and environmental conditions, the season change of Pn was obviousin Pistacia’s male and female individuals. Pn of40-year-old was obvious higher than10-year-old, which might be associated with its root developed degree. Pns existedvery notable differences between male and female individuals of the same age, May-July, Pn the male>Pn the female, August-September, Pn the female>Pn the male,which might be due to the female began to bear large seed in August and September,and need to spend a lot of energy and nutrients for seeding, so the female’sphotosynthesis enchanced. The changes of Chlorophyll content would also affect thephotosynthesis of Pistacia. The diurnal variation trend of Pn was consistent in maleand female individuals of the same age, while the diurnal variation curve of Pn wasdifferent at the two kinds old of Pistacia. The diurnal variation trend of Pn was all thebimodal, stated that10-year-old Pistacia existed “lunch break" phenomenon; however,the diurnal variation trend of40-year-old Pistacia’s Pn showed single peak, there wasno obvious "lunch break" phenomenon. Therefore, the Pn diurnal variation of maleand female leaves has not only in common but also in particularity at two different agePistacia. The diurnal variation of Pn was broadly consistent with the diurnal variation of Tr and Gs at the two kinds old of Pistacia, but roughly opposite to the diurnalvariation of Ci, when Pn was the highest, Ci was the lowest, which illustrated that thedecline of Pn was not caused by the decrease of Gs, so we could infer that the "lunchbreak" phenomenon of10-year-old Pistacia was not mainly limited by stomatal factors.In view of this, with regard to the cultivation and management of pistaciachinensis Bunge in future, we should cultivate and manage reasonably according to thedifference in the old and gender. The young trees should keep hydrated and take thenecessary shade measures to promote it growth. Whether big tree or small tree, Juneand Juiy every year is the most important period for pistacia’s water and fertilizermanagement. |
PDF Full Text Request