| In order to improve the cultivation and management measures of Pistacia chinensis Bunge and improve the quality and yield of the seed. Pistacia was used as materials, the flowering phenolog, pollen morphology, pollen germination and storage characteristics megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gemeto- phyte,pollination strong characteristics with the method of morphological observation, culture in vitro, fluorescence microscopy, paraffin wax and overall dyeing. The results were as follow:1. The female flowers entered into the semi-blooming stage (April 11th), flowering stage (April 12th ~14th) and the late florescence (April 15th ~17th) when the accumulated temperature respectively arrive at 300℃, 321℃, 367.5℃, the florescence was persisting 5 ~ 7 days; the male flower entered into the initial stage of pollen giving out (April 12th),full stage of pollen giving out (April 13 th ~ 15th), late stage of pollen giving out (April 16th ~ 17th) when the accumulated temperature respectively arrive at 321℃, 340℃, 382.5℃, and pollen giving out was persisting 5 ~ 6 days. The initial stage of pollen giving out late 1d than the initial flowering stage,and the floweringstage was synchronous.2. Pistacia had 4~5 stamens in every floscule and 4 pollen sacs in every anther, the anther wall was composed of epidermis, fibrous endothecium, middle layer and glandular tapetum which was glandular type. The cytoplast split belonged to simultaneous type after meiosis of the microspore mother cell, and their tetards were tetrahedral or isobilateral types, and a few dyads were observed at tetrad stage .The mature pollen grain belong to 2- celled type and had 2~4 germinal apertures.3. Pistacia pollen was single grains, sphericity or nearly sphericity, and the average diameter was 28.7μm;Uniform and plump pollens exceeded 95%.Average pollen amount of each anther was1.17×105. The highest pollen germination rate was 73.78%, and average the pollen tube length was 279μm in the medium which containing 15% sucrose, 100 mg·L-1 boric acid in the condition of 25℃to incubate 6h.10 mg·L-1 NAA and 100 mg·L-1 GA3 for pollen tube growth had obvious promoting effect. 4. Pistacia fresh pollen germination rate was 73.78%, pollen germination rate were reduced to 0, 38.33%, 42.74%, 51.56% in the condition of room temperature (18℃~20℃), 4℃, -20℃and -40℃,to dry storage 18d; the pollen germination rate were 0, 24.57%, 33.08%, 37.97% after storage 30d,. Along with the storage time extended, SOD and POD activity of pollen were take on "M"shape, CAT activity was take on reduce - increase - reduce - increase trend, MDA content was take on increase - reduce - increase trend in different storage temperature.5. Pistacia female flower stigma was pinnate trilobation, and the stigma surface had a layer of loose papillate cells which could secrete mucilage, it was belonge to wet stigma. The style is solid type style , cylindrical,and 2 mm long. Style have transmitting tissue in style central area. The pollen extended to ovary through cells intercellular of. transmitting tissue. Pistacia have one ovary and one ovule Which is single integument crassinucellat and anatropous at most, Embryo sac have phenomena of heteroplasia that mainly manifested the embryo sac disintegration in the stage of monocyte or cytoarchitecture have no change among the whole growing process,or take on the shapeof sickle and aperture.6. Fluorescence microscopy showed that: the pollen germinated and formed pollentube within 2 h after pollination,pollen tubes went into transmitting tissue through papilla cells of the stigma surface after pollination 6h; pollen tube entered into style after pollination 12 h; pollen tube went into the ovary through the style after pollination 24 h and it had accomplished fertilization after pollination14 d, The effective pollination period of Pistacia was from the 1st of blooming to 6th , the best pollination period was from the 2ed of blooming to 5th by change of color and mucilage in stigma.7. Pistacia fruit-bearing rate was 60.93%, 36.86%, 15.45% and 14.52% respectively with the method of shaking pollen, natural pollination, walnut pollen mentor and bagging not pollinated; The dry 1000-seed weight was 67.55 g, 60.16 g, 35.04 g,36.14 g , the oil rate was 41.70% ,2.68%,41.96% ,2.71% and the unfilled grains rate was 0, 21.33%, 100%, 100% respectively.
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