Syntactic Study Of PiaoTongShiYanJie And PiaoTongShiXinShiYaoJie

PiaoTongShi is the refined text book for the students in Gaoli, which aimed to help them to study Chinese. This book has very great value for covering a wide range and reflecting the language features of northern Chinese spoken language at that time. The studies on PiaoTongShi right now mainly focus on one of its versions and the scholars usually describe and analyze its language just through giving some examples, not on the basis of all of them.This article selects disposal structure, passive sentence, comparative sentence and alternative interrogative sentence in PiaoTongShiYanJie and PiaoTongShiXinShiYanJie, which are two versions of PiaoTongShi as the research objects.With the qualitative and quota analysis methods, we are meant to analyze and try to explain the difference of the syntax between these two books.There are six chapters in this article. And the first chapter is the summary of the previous language research about PiaoTongShi and the study on the disposal structure, passive sentence, comparative sentence and alternative interrogative sentence in Modern Times. In addition, there is brief introduction of the significance of this subject, the research method and the main innovative points.On the second chapter, we have described the corresponding examples of the disposal structure in these two books at first. And then we have discussed and compared the "jiang "structure and "ba" structure, including their corresponding examples, semantic types and structural characteristics. On the basis of the description and comparison, we have discovered that the "ba" structure and the disposal structure from the narrow view stand in a dominant position in these two books and there are some complicated structures in the disposal structure.At the same time, both the number of examples and the proportion of "ba" structure have increased from PiaoTongShiYanJie to PiaoTongShiXinShiYanJie. At last, there is the explanation of the similarity and the difference in these two books.On the third chapter, firstly there is detailed description of "bei" structure and "chi" structure,which are the two sentential forms of passive sentence, involving their general corresponding examples and their structural and semantic characteristics. On the basis of the description, we have made clear of that the difference on the passive sentence between the two books mainly lies in the number of the examples, the structural feature and the passive prepositions, such as the number of examples has increased, the "chi" structure has disappeared in PiaoTongShiXinShiYanJie.On the fourth chapter, we have analyzed the comparative sentence. Following the traditional classification of meaning, we have divided the comparative sentence in these two books into two types:unequal comparison sentence and equal comparison sentence. On the basis of the description of the unequal comparison and the equal comparison sentence, we have drawn a conclusion that the difference between these two books is the proportion of the two types of each comparative sentence and the composing characters of the base item and the result of the item. And the reason why the first type of each comparative sentence has a higher percentage is that there is less restriction of it.On the fifth chapter, we have paied our attention to the alternative interrogative sentence and described it with two types:yes-or-no interrogative sentence and alternative sentence. And it shows that the different parts of the alternative interrogative sentence consist in the conjunctive word, modal particle and the sentence structure through the comparison of the examples in these two books. We have found that the proportion of alternative sentence with a conjunctive word has increased,"ne" has displaced "na" and "verb+meiyou" has occupied the leading position of yes-or-no interrogative sentence. And as for the reasons for these difference, we think they lie in the development of the alternative interrogative sentence and the modal particle in Modern Times.The last chapter is the summary of the similarity and difference in disposal structure, passive sentence, comparative sentence and alternative interrogative sentence between these two books, which includes the corresponding examples, composition of the sentence and the complication of the sentence structure. Besides, we also have discussed the "verb+jiang" structure, which can only be seen in PiaoTongShiYanJie. There is the discussion of the nature of "jiang", the type of "verb+jiang ", its grammatical meaning, usage time and the reason why it has died off gradually.