Peasant Society Under Capital Market Integration Risk

After the reform and opening up, China comprehensively implemented the household contract responsibility system in rural areas, executing the two-tier management system that combines unification, which fully stimulated the farmers’ production enthusiasm and enhanced the vitality of the rural economic development. However, with the disintegration of the people’s commune system, the rural social structure has undergone tremendous change. The majority of farmers released from a strictly controlled organization. Although the farmers at the grassroots level get more autonomy, the rural community became loose and lost the cohesion. In the process of structural transformation of society, the individuation made the farmers lost the protection of their institutional barriers, and directly exposed to the face of the impact of the market and social forces, which made them become the most vulnerable groups in China. Meanwhile, along with the gradual deepening of reform and modernization of the high speed development, kinship-based social capital built in the traditional differential pattern appeared the phenomenon of lost and deficiency, and the modern social capital based on market economy has not yet formed, which is a key factor for rural communities facing the development difficulties. In the background of building new socialist countryside, cultivating common trust, cooperation and mutual assistance and common norms of modern social capital in rural areas, improving the stock of social capital is conductive to cultivate the spirit of mutual support for community members, to promote their participation in collective cooperation, and consciously safeguard the public interests of the whole community, which has important implications for alleviating the contradictions between smallholder fanning and the market economy and the sustainable development of rural community.This article is based on the concepts and theories of social capital, as a case in a rural community, using the method of field research, thoroughly and systematically studying the stock of social capital and its operation of individual farmers and rural communities. Combined with the experience of T village’s development, the author puts forward integrating peasants’social capital of the two paths to choose, that is, through perfecting the operating mechanism of professional cooperatives and the use of the professional social work methods involved in community public affairs. The former can put scattered farmers organized for collective cooperation, and provide the necessary protection for them in agricultural production, including improving the competitive advantage of agricultural products and reducing market risk. While the latter can promote communication and exchanging of community members, also expanding their social network, which makes them get more support in daily lives. The author believes, by means of full integration on the farmers’ social capital and community’s advantage resources, can improving the degree of organization of farmers, as well as enhancing the stock of rural social capital, which can provide more protection and support for community members in agricultural production and daily life. This has the practical significance to realize the goal of developing a harmonious society and new countryside construction.