The Employment Problems Of The Second-Generation Of Migrant Workers In The Perspective Of Multiculturalism

The employment problem of migrant workers is one of the biggest people’s livelihood issues in today’s Chinese society. Since reform and opening-up, there are a large number of rural labor force off to town continually. As the first-generation of migrant workers returning home, the second-generation of migrant workers become the main body of the migrant workers, and they are playing a very important role in the urban construction and development. Compared with the first-generation of migrant workers, the historical background, era environment and policy system that the second-generation of migrant workers are going through, have changed enormously. Under the main trend of urban and rural integration development, the living, employment and development problems faced by the second-generation of migrant workers also have changed. Their demand level is not only staying at the material level, but transforming from the necessity to development-oriented. There have also been significant changes in their concept of urban employment. At work, they hope to get the equal employment opportunity, fair wages and welfare treatment, equal rights and interests guarantee, improvement of labor skills. In the city life, they can be easily influenced by the modern science, technology and civilization, and form independent, open and inclusive values. They hope to integrate into cities, in order to realize their sustainable development. The same as the first-generation of migrant workers, the second-generation of migrant workers come across some insurmountable barriers in the employment. Although the difficulties are similar, but the age and environment have changed profoundly. We should use the "new views" to treat the "usual problems" which are extended on the second-generation of migrant workers. Only through the comprehensively analysis the unique social characteristics of the second-generation of migrant workers, totally understand the existing employment policy system related to migrant workers, deeply research the root of the second-generation of migrant workers employment problems, then can we find the effective solutions to solve the problems.This article’s openings are the selected topic background and research significance, at the same time, we comb related literature of domestic and foreign theory and practice about the rural labor transfer employment. On the basis of the analysis of connotation of the related concepts, the theoretical framework of multiculturalism, feasibility of the research on second-generation of migrant workers employment problem with multiculturalism theory, we take HEDA and the Nanhu District of Jiaxing as examples, get the data by questionnaire and set up a database, through the analysis of the data processing to research the present situation and existing problems of the second-generation of migrant workers employment, then putting forward some countermeasures to promote the second-generation of migrant workers employment.In this paper, multiculturalism is taken as a research perspective. Multiculturalism originated from Karen’s criticism against the "melting pot theory". It appeared when immigration culture is more and more obvious and vulnerable groups’problems emerged, and it’s a criticism for monism culture. The connotation of multiculturalism can be summarized as two parts:equality and integration. In the study of the second-generation of migrant workers employment problem, equality level includes opportunity equality, process equality and outcome equality, while integration level contains four parts:system integration, organization integration, cultural integration and psychology integration.Through the combination of theoretical and empirical analysis, we find that in the process of the second-generation of migrant workers employment, there exists following problems:labor market regulation failure and imbalance between supply and demand; the mode of employment guidance and training is not sound; labor rights and interests protection system is not sound; urban and rural dual system obstacles; and social capital is weak, social relationship network is narrow. Combining with the theory of multiculturalism, the government should adopt the following countermeasures and suggestions in promoting the second-generation of migrant workers employment and into the city:establishing the equal employment mechanism, and maintaining fair labor market; enhancing the training, and innovating employment training model; establishing equal rights and interests safeguard mechanism, and solving problems of human rights; perfecting the system guarantee of the equal employment, and promoting the integration of urban and rural labor; strengthening the social interaction, and improving the social capital.