| Under the background of aging population in the rural areas, in the rural areas where the economy is relatively backward, due to the outflow of labour power, the problems of social services for the elderly who lives in empty-nest family or lives alone is increasingly prominent. At the same time, because of the concept of home care is deeply embedded in the will of rural people, institution-based old-age care service system can’t necessarily satisfy the support needs of popular rural elderly. Therefore, it is a significant issue to build up and improve the home-based old-age care service system under the premise of taking fully respect of rural old-age’s care service willingness.The study which takes D village of T town in Wenzhou City as an example, studies the practical experience of home-based care service in rural area by the integrated use of survey method, case interview method, participant observation method. At the same time, it gives some suggestions to improve and perfect the social old-age service system in rural area. The main findings are as follows:First, the home-based care service system needs to be strengthened immediately in T-town the place the D village belongs to. The T-town which has built a home-based care service center in the D village, has a large rural population base, a poor self-supportive ability in family, and the lack of recreational activities in rural areas makes old-age people feel void in their spiritual and cultural life; in the existing pension system in T town, the Government Pension has support for the implementation of policies and the elderly "The new farmer’s insurance" subsidy can only satisfy the basic life demands, but it can’t provide the necessary services for the elderly people; Institutional Pension is failure to meet other rural elderly pension service needs but to the "five guarantees", it’the collective pension organizations such as Elderly Associations can only provide pension benefits for the elderly in the local village, and is failed in organizing activities for pension service effectively; Family Pension mainly consists four styles:under-one-roof style, worship style, keep-nested style, widowed style. Among these styles, there are more than1/4old-age people living in the style of keep nest style and widowed style, and those people have a strong demand for social care services. These conditions mentioned above indicate that T town the place D village belongs to have an urgent need to strengthen the home-based care service system.Second, the founding of the home-based pension service preferably meets the social pension service demands of the aged people. Through the survey, it shows that in all valid samples, the vast majority of older people need those life care services such as meal servi ce, agency service, nanny service and so on, health care services such as medical assista nce, health counseling and so on.1/3of the old people ask for psychological support services such as having a heart-to-heart chat. In view of these above-mentioned, the demands for these service can hardly be satisfied from the government, nursing homes, home services and Elderly Associations. In this sense, D village home-based care service center has been fit the needs of the elderly social care service better.Third, D village home-based care service center has preliminary formed a investments from homes, platforms from the government, aids from the whole society, operated by village collective" model framework, and formed a unique local practice experience which means:determine the operating mode on the basis of in-depth research; control the operating costs and meanwhile, raise operating funds by fully integrating the resources from village collective, the government and the whole social, make up for the deficiency of the team quality of the home-based care service by mobilizing social forces such as party members, social workers, professional and technical staff and volunteers; uphold justice, fairness and anti-nepotism principals to avoid free-rider problems during the whole operation.Fourth, the practical experience of D village home-based care service center has a certain universality. Experience of D Village has shown that:the operating funds of home-based care service center is not significantly related to the village collective economic levels in other words; a poor village can also provide home-based care services: the village is able to solve the problem of location resources by expropriation, purchasing, renting, joint construction and overall planning with other methods in combination.; the home-based care service model means:" investment from the domestic, found by the government, supported by society, operated by the collective", the operating cost of the model is relatively low. Appropriate financing techniques, diversified financing ways and modes are beneficial to solving the problem of capital shortage——fully mobilize social workers, volunteers, business owners and professionals to participate in home-based care services which is helpful in forming a interaction complementation mechanism for interaction complementation mechanism for interaction, complementation and mutual aid between professional services staffs and volunteers which will promote the sound and sustainable development of home-based care services.Paper also pointed out the problems of home-based care services of D village in local practice, namely:the party secretary, who is local elites or Homo habilis in D village, played a key role in the integration of government, society and the village community resources. However, the home-based care service system has not formed a long-term mechanism yet because the service center operations is susceptible to the village collective leadership turnover, capital fracture and government policy change.In an effort to solve the existing problems of home-based care service center in D village, based on the local practice experience, this article proposed the following four strategies for improvement:expand the scale to reduce the per capita cost, establish a new system to regulate the operation mechanism, scout for talents to improve service quality and expand service areas to satisfy the demands of elders. |
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